Renaissance Means REBIRTH Rebirth of art and learning
Renaissance • Means REBIRTH • Rebirth of art and learning • Began in northern Italy
Economic Foundations • Increased demand for Middle Eastern products • Encouraged the use of credit and banking • Letters of credit expanded supply of money and sped up trade. • New accounting and bookkeeping practices used Arabic numerals
Italy • Italian city-states became rich from trade: – Florence – Venice – Genoa • They were trading centers for the distribution of goods to northern Europe. • Independent city-states governed as republics by wealthy merchants.
Major Italian Cities Milan One of the richest cities, it controls trade through the Alps. Milan Venice Sitting on the Adriatic, it attracts trade from all over the world. Florence Controlled by the De Medici Family, who became great patrons of the arts. Genoa Had Access to Trade Routes All of these cities: Had access to trade routes connecting Europe with Middle Eastern markets • Served as trading centers for the distribution of goods to northern Europe • Were initially independent city-states governed as republics Genoa Florence
Art and Literature • Medieval art and literature focused on the Church and salvation. • Renaissance art and literature focused on individuals and worldly matters, along with Christianity.
Artists and Writers • Artists – Leonardo da Vinci – Michelangelo • Writers – Petrarch
Leonardo da Vinci • Painted the Mona Lisa and The Last Supper • Handsome, athletic, singer, artist, scientist, inventor
Michelangelo • Painted the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel and sculpted David • Sculptor, painter, architect, poet
Sistine Chapel
The Sistine Chapel Ceiling
Pieta David
Humanism The Vitruvian Man – 1492 • Celebrated the individual • Stimulated the study of Greek and Roman literature and culture • Humanists were supported by PATRONS who were very wealthy
Niccolo Machiavelli • Wrote The Prince – guidelines for how to get power by absolute rule. • Believed the ends justified the means • One should do good if possible, but do evil when necessary.
Florence Under the Medici Chapel The Medici Palace
Northern Renaissance • With the rise of trade, travel and literacy, the Italian Renaissance spread to northern Europe. • The art and literature changed as people of different cultures adopted Renaissance ideas.
Northern Renaissance Writers • Erasmus—The Praise of Folly (1511) • Critical of corrupt church practices • Catalyst for Protestant Reformation
Northern Renaissance Writers • Sir Thomas More —Utopia (1516) • Depicts world with perfect social, legal and political system • Leading humanist scholar
Borja Pope – Alexander VI • Most Controversial Renaissance Pope • Pontificate of nepotism, greed, ruthlessness, murder • Mistress – Giovanna dei Cattanei • Bought his way into the papacy • "Never have mercy for those who won't help themselves"
• Children – – Giovanni - Duke of Gandia • Possibly killed by Cesare – Cesare - murder and mayhem • Inspiration for The Prince – Lucrezia – married sforza – Gioffre (Jofre) – Sancia of Aragon (had affair with Giovanni and Cesare)
Pope Leo X with Cardinal Giulio de. Medici and Luigi De Rossi by Raphael, 1518 -1519 • A Medici Pope. • He went through the Vatican treasury in a year! • His extravagances offended even some cardinals [as well as Martin Luther!]. • Started selling indulgences.
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