Renaissance and Reformation in Europe 1300 1600 Europe

Renaissance and Reformation in Europe 1300 -1600

Europe during the Renaissance

Time of Change l l By 1350, new attitudes and interests sprang up. Old ideas of humility, poverty, and asceticism were drying up. New desires for pleasure, status, and large fortunes were the desire of this era. National monarchies had replaced the old feudal ways.

What was the Renaissance? Renaissance, French word for "rebirth" l What was reborn? l A desire to imitate the classical world of Greece & Rome. l A time of creativity and change, spirit of adventure. l Christian teachings could no long answer all their questions. l A time of intellectual and economic changes that occurred in Europe. l

What were the causes of the Renaissance? 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Lessening of Feudalism. Rise of National Monarchies. Rise of the Middle Class. Rise in universities. Birth of the printing press. Writing in the common language of the people.

Renaissance Music began to change and the types of instruments used. l With the rise of humanism, sacred music began for the first time. l l l Broke free from the confines of the Church. Secular music thrived during this period. l Instrumental and dance music was performed in abundance.

Renaissance Arts l Emphasized individual talent in painting, sculpture, architecture, literature and music. l Architecture returned to the domes and columns of ancient Greece and Rome. l Painters and sculptors turned to new techniques.

Old Art vs. New Art New art expressed individuals values & emotions. l New art focused on secular, mythological, and religious themes. l Realism. l Perspective. l Balance and Proportion. l The medieval artists (old art) often painted bland two dimensional pictures. l The Renaissance artists painted three dimensional pictures. l

Humanism The spirit of the Renaissance. l A new intellectual movement that started in Italy. l Studied classical cultures & writings philosophers Greek and Romans. l Focused on secular (non-religious) themes not religious. l Concerned about business, politics and leisure time. l Loss of respect for Church and feudal lords, looked elsewhere for answers. l l Appreciation for the arts as a product of mankind; not just a religious symbol.

Why Did the Renaissance Begin in Italy? l Center of the Roman civilization. l l Different families controlled the large and wealth city-states of Florence, Milan, and Venice. l l Remains of Roman architectural and artistic fields. Small independent states, centers of trade and manufacturing. A wealthy merchant class stressed education and individual achievement. l Spent lavishly on the arts.

Italy during the Renaissance

Impact of Books 1. 2. 3. 4. Ideas and discoveries of the Renaissance traveled around the world. Printed books were cheaper and easier to produce. Books were more readily available, more people learned to read. Readers gained access to a broad range of knowledge and ideas.

Causes of the Reformation 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Church corruption. Questioning the papal authority. Development of personal devotions. Church’s political influence and wealth. Indulgences. German and English nobility disliked Italy’s dominance of the church. Merchants wealth. Printing Press.

Influence of the Printing Press

Immediate Results l Germany North converted to Protestantism, l Hapsburg family remained Catholic. l l l War between Protestants and Catholics resulted in devastating loss (Thirty Years’ War). France Edict of Nantes granted freedom of worship to Protestants. l Thirty Years’ War changed from religious to political. l l England Bloodshed ended and united the British Isles under the Anglican Church. l Rise of Reformation contributed to the growth of capitalism. l

Counter Results of the Reformation l Catholic Church mounted reforms to reassert its authority. l Reforms agreed to at the Council of Trent. l Society of Jesus was founded to spread Catholic doctrine around the world. l The Jesuits. Inquisition was established to reinforce Catholic doctrine.

Long Terms Results l Changing cultural values and traditions. l Growth of l secularism. l individualism. l religious tolerance.

Reformed Europe in the late 1600 s

Renaissance and Reformation Key terms pages 373 to 401 l Niccolo l The Machiavelli The Prince Ninety Five Theses l Salvation l Indulgences l Christian Humanism