REMOTE SENSING BASICS Prof V L SWAMINATHAN Formerly
REMOTE SENSING : BASICS Prof. V. L. SWAMINATHAN Formerly Asst Director NNRMS/RRSSC, and Scientist, Space Applications Centre (ISRO) AHMEDABAD
Definition of Remote Sensing Science of collecting information about An object, area or phenomenon from a distance ie without any physical contact
Process of RS
Features of RS Data Multi-spectral Observations Allows discrimination of features Synoptic coverage at Multiple Spatial Resolutions Micro and macro level assessments over large areas Multi-temporal Multiple observations across season and years Multiple Utility Same data can be used for many applications Full Data Archival and Reanalysis Capabil Historical primary data can be reanalysed
Main Elements of Remote Sensing • Electromagnetic spectrum • Interactions with medium and targets • Sensors • Platforms and orbits • Resolutions • Data reception and dissemination • Analysis techniques • Applications
Atmospheric Interactions
IRS SATELLITES INSAT SATELLITES
1999 1995/1997 2001 IRS-1 C/1 D LISS-3 (23/70 M, STEERABLE PAN (5. 8 M); Wi. FS (188 M) 1996 INSAT-2 E CCD (1 KM RESOLUTION; EVERY 30 MNUTESS) 1994 IRS-P 2 LISS-2 IRS-P 3 (1996) Wi. FS MOS X-Ray, 1988/91 1999 IRS-P 4 OCEANSAT OCM, MSMR RESOURCESAT-1 LISS 3 - 23 M; 4 XS LISS 4 - 5. 8 M; 3 -XS AWIFS - 70 M; 4 XS CARTOSAT - 1 PAN - 2. 5 M, 30 KM, F/A INDIAN IMAGING SYSTEMS IRS-1 A & 1 B LISS-1&2 (72/36 M, 4 BANDS; VIS & NIR) 1982 RS-D 1 1979 BHASKARA IMAGING IMPROVEMENTS w 1 KM TO 5. 8 M RESOLUTION GLOBAL COVERAGE APPLICATION-SPECIFIC 2002 2003 CARTOSAT-2 PAN - 1 M 2005 MEGHATROPIQUES SAPHIR SCARAB & MADRAS
1: SENSOR & Platform 2: ORBIT 3: GROUND TRACE & Repetivity
Resolutions 1. Spectral 2. Spatial 3. Radiometric 4. Temporal
MULTISPECTRAL IMAGES Green Red NIR FCC
INSAT-2 E CCD Payload APR 16, 1999, 1130 HRS 3 BANDS, 1 KM, 25 MIN IRS 1 C Wi. FS 2 bands, 188 m 5 days, 800 kmswath
Tikamgarh MP Wi. FS 188 m Feb. , 1998
Tikamgarh MP LISS-I 72. 5 m Feb. , 1998
Tikamgarh MP LISS-II 36 m Feb. , 1998
Tikamgarh MP LISS-III 23 m Feb. , 1998
Multispectral Discrimination
Spectral Signatures
Multitemporal Discrimination
INDIAN IMAGING CAPABILITY • EVERY 30 MIN. IMAGING • 1 M+ SCALES • CLIMATE/WEATHER • EVERY 2 DAYS IMAGING • 1: 250 K SCALES • OCEAN APPLICATIONS • EVERY 5 DAYS IMAGING • 1: 250 K SCALES • NATIONAL SURVEYS
INDIAN IMAGING CAPABILITY …TOWARDS • EVERY 22 DAYS IMAGING • 1: 50 K SCALES • DETAILED RESOURCES SURVEY • EVERY 5 DAYS IMAGING • 1: 12500 SCALES • LARGE SCALE MAPPING • LOCAL AREA IMAGING • STEREO CAPABILITY • 1: 2000/4000/1: 8000 SCALES • STEREO CAPABILITY
Synthetic Aperture Radar
Radar Signatures
Analysis Techniques • Visual Interpretation • Digital Analysis
REMOTE SENSING APPLICATIONS • CENTRAL MINISTRIES/DEPARTMENT: • AGRICULTURE • ENVIRONMENT AND FORESTS • RURAL DEVELOPMENT • URBAN DEVELOPMENT • WATER RESOURCES • OCEAN DEVELOPMENT INFORMATION • MINES TO SOLUTIONS • SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY • PLANNING COMMISSION • BIOTECHNOLOGY • INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY • STATE GOVERNMENT AGENCIES • PRIVATE SECTOR • NGOs • ACADEMIA/UNIVERSITIES • AGRICULTURE & CROPS • FOREST & BIO-RESOURCES • WATER RESOURCES • GEOLOGY • OCEAN/COASTAL • ENVIRONMENT • RURAL DEVELOPMENT • URBAN MANAGEMENT • CARTOGRAPHY/MAPPING • GLOBAL CHANGE • STRATEGIC APPLICATIONS • LAND WATER RESOURCES DEVELOPMENT • NATURAL RESOURCES INFORMATION SYSTEM
* NATIONAL PRIORITIES IN KEY SECTORS OF DEVELOPMENT * INSTITUTIONALISATION – WIDE USER NETWORK * END-TO-END CAPABILITY • WIDE RANGE OF APPLICATIONS – DELIVERY TO GRASS-ROOT LEVEL: • THRU GOVERNMENT/PANCHAYATI RAJ SYSTEM • INVOLVEMENT OF VOLUNTARY AGENCIES • INDUSTRY INTERFACE - "SEED" OF COMMERCIAL PROGRAMME SOWN * ACADEMIC RESEARCH AND EDUCATION * HUMAN RESOURCES TRAINING ~15000 PERSONS * INTERNATIONAL PRESENCE
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