REMEMBERING 2 O 10S FLOODS Heavy rainfall causes
REMEMBERING 2 O 10’S FLOODS Heavy rainfall causes record flooding around the world Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction, University of North Carolina, USA
FLOODS • PORTUGAL (MADEIRA) • RUSSIA (SIBERIA, KAZAKHSTAN) • NORTH DAKOTA, MINNESOTA, TENNESSEE • BRAZIL • POLAND, HUNGARY, GERMANY, … • CHINA-NORTH KOREA • PAKISTAN
IMPACTED NATIONS • … Madeira (Portugal), Russia, USA (North Dakota, Minnesota, Tennessee), Brazil, POLAND, HUNGARY, GERMANY, CZECH REPUBLIC, China , Pakistan, North Korea, …
SOCIETAL IMPACTS DURING 2010 • Millions evacuated. • Lives and • Millions of homes livelihoods of inundated, without millions adversely power, damaged or affected. destroyed. • Millions at risk • Landslides triggered from water-borne by heavy, prolonged diseases rainfall.
SOCIETAL IMPACTS DURING 2010 (Continued) • Homes and Infrastructure damaged or destroyed. • Health care needs related to waterborne disasters increase sharply. • $Tens of billions in insured and uninsured economic losses. • Thousands dead
FLASH FLOODS TRIGGER MUDSLIDES IN THE MADEIRA ISLANDS, PORTUGAL AT LEAST 42 DEAD FEBRUARY 20 -21, 2010
LOCATION OF MADEIRA
WHAT HAPPENED? The worst storm to hit Madeira since 1993 lashed the south of the Atlantic Ocean island, including the capital, Funchal, Saturday, turning some streets into torrents of mud, water and debris.
WHAT HAPPENED (continued) The flash floods were so powerful they carved paths down mountains and ripped through the city, churning under some bridges and tearing others down.
FEBRUARY 21: FLASH FLOOD
FEBRUARY 21
FLOODS IN RUSSIA SPRING RUNOFF AFTER A HARSH WINTER INCREASES FLOOD RISKS ACROSS RUSSIA MARCH 2010
LOCATION MAP SHOWING THE THREE GREAT SIBERIAN RIVERS
The Ob River, the country's fourth longest river and the longest estuary in the world, is a major river in western Siberia.
The Yenisei River, which drains a large portion of central Siberia, is the greatest river system flowing northward to the Arctic Ocean.
The Lena River is the easternmost of the three great Siberian rivers that flow into the Arctic Ocean (the other two being the Ob River and the Yenisei river) is the 10 th longest river in the world.
Weather reports warned of "catastrophic" flooding in Siberia, where river ice was up to several meters thick, and rivers flowing northward routinely surge with melting water.
FLOODING IN SIBERIA
FLOODING IN KAZAKHSTAN
NORTH DAKOTA-MINNESOTA EXPERIENCE A NEARRECORD FLOOD DISASTER AGAIN 2009’S RECORD FLOOD STAGE APPROACHED, BUT UNBROKEN MARCH 15 - 30, 2010
REASONS FOR FLOODING THE ANNUAL FLOODING THREAT TO FARGO, ND AND MOORHEAD, MN IS TRIGGERED BY: Ø 1) The Spring melt and runoff , AFTER Ø 2) A severe Winter.
SCIENTIFIC REASONS FOR RECURRING FLOOD DISASTERS IN THE AREA 1. Synchrony of river discharge with Spring runoff 2. Ice jams
SCIENTIFIC REASONS FOR RECURRING FLOOD DISASTERS IN THE AREA 3. Lake Agassiz, a glacial lake, is the floodplain of the Red River 4. A sharp decrease in river gradient makes the Fargo. Moorhead area act like a large
2010: RAPID MELT AND RUNOFF
THE “SPIDER” WAS USED TO MAKE 5, 000 SANDBAGS PER HOUR
HALSTAD, MN: 4 FT BELOW 2009’S RECORD OF 40. 5 FT
FARGO, ND: THE RED RIVER CRESTS 4 FT BELOW RECORD ON MARCH 21
REGIONAL GOVERNMENTS PLAN A 10 -YEAR, $1. 3 BILLION FLOOD CONTROL PROJECT A 60 KM (36 -MILE) – LONG NEW RIVER CHANNEL IS EXPECTED TO SOLVE THE RECURRING THREAT
FLOODS AND MUDSLIDES PARALYZE BRAZIL WORST IN 50 YEARS APRIL 7, 2010
RIO DE JANEIRO: WIDE SPREAD INUNDATION
10, 000 homes, mostly in the slums where one-fifth of Rio's people live in shacks that are vulnerable to heavy rains, were also severely impacted by mudslides
RECORD FLOODING IN NASHVILLE, TN AREA MAY 1 -4, 2010
Flooding after 2 days of intense rain has left the city of Nashville and the surrounding area with a record 33 cm (13 in) of water in two days.
The Cumberland River crested Monday afternoon, May 3 rd, at 3 ½ m above flood stage.
The flash floods caught the city offguard, and thousands of residents and tourists were forced to flee homes and hotels as the Cumberland river rapidly spilled over its banks
CUMBERLAND RIVER FLOODS INDUSTRIAL PARK
INTERSTATE HIGHWAY I-24 FLOODED
TEMPORARY SCHOOL BUILDING FLOATS DOWN I-24
FAILURE OF RAILROAD BRIDGE
FLOODING AT OPRYLAND HOTEL
EVACUATION FROM OPRYLAND RESORT HOTEL
The Impacts: 150 roads impassable Opryland other hotels evacuated Business interruption Schools and universities closed Fuel shortages Water shortages Over $1 billion economic loss.
RIVERS BURST BANKS AND BREACH DAMS IN CENTRAL EUROPE AFTER WEEKS OF RAIN POLAND, HUNGARY, GERMANY, CZECH REPUBLIC, … MAY – JUNE, 2010
The heaviest rains in over a decade forced thousands along rain swollen rivers in Poland, Germany, and Hungary to evacuate from their homes, breached dikes and sand bag dams, and caused damage to homes, and infrastructure estimated at over $2. 5 billion.
POLAND
POLAND VISTULA RIVER
VISLA RIVER
INUNDATED VILLAGE
DIKE BREACHED NEAR VILLAGE OF SWINIARY
ODER RIVER: GERMANY
DANUBE RIVER: SOUTHERN GERMANY; JUNE 3
MASS EVACUATION
SAVING A HORSE
SAVING CATTLE: MAY 17
RAIN AND FLOODING FROM A SERIES OF STORMS TESTS CHINA’S THREE GORGES DAM AGAIN TEST 1: JUNE - JULY 2007 TEST 2: APRIL - JULY 2010
IMPACTS OF 2010’S FLOODS IN CHINA • More than 1, 400 people are believed to have been killed this year in unusually severe flooding in central and southern China.
IMPACTS OF 2010’S FLOODS IN CHINA • An estimated 1. 4 million homes were destroyed, 12 million people evacuated, and 87, 600 sq km (22 million acres) of crops ruined.
CHINA’S GRANDEST PROJECT SINCE THE GREAT WALL
THREE GORGES DAM • The Three Gorges Dam is located in Central China's Hubei Province, 600 miles southwest of Beijing. • It replaced Brazil's Itaipu Dam as the world's largest hydroelectric and flood-control installation. • After 13 years of work and 35 million cubic yards of concrete, the dam reached its full height of 190 m (606 ft) and width of 2, 309 m (7, 575 ft) across the Yangtze River on May 19, 2006.
2010 • The floods hit 13 provinces, including Guangdong, Sichuan and Zhejiang, damaging more than 140, 000 homes and affecting more than 10 million people.
SWOLLEN RIVERS IN 2010 • Virtually all of the major rivers were swollen, while water levels in lakes along the mighty Yangtze River were higher than in 1998, when catastrophic flooding killed about 4, 000 people.
YANGTZE RIVER FLOODS: JUNE 10
THREE GORGES DAM HAS PASSED TWO TESTS
NORTHWEST PAKISTAN (AND AFGHANISTAN) HIT BY FLASH FLOODS AFTER PROLONGED MONSOON RAINS JULY 28 -AUGUST 22, 2010 [NOTE: Aug 12 th is first day of Ramadan]
ONE-FIFTH OF PAKISTAN AFFECTED
2010’s Summer floods from monsoon rains were typical and expected, but they were the worst in 80 years and set new records.
Monsoon rains swelled rivers and streams across Pakistan and set flooding records in the province of Khyber. Pakhtunkhwa, parts of the Pakistan-administered Kashmir region, and the eastern province of Punjab.
The United Nations announced Saturday, July 31, that they would provide $10 million dollars for immediate emergency assistance and would appeal for 460 million in international emergency assistance for food, water, health care, and shelter.
The USA provided $60 million for immediate emergency assistance along with Navy and Marine helicopters, rescue boats, water filtration units, prefabricated steel bridges and thousands of packaged meals, which Pakistani soldiers tossed from helicopters
LOSS OF INFRASTRUCTURE: HINDERED EVACUATION & EMERGENCY ASSISTANCE
The survival of some of the poorest of the poor living in the districts of Nowshera, Charsadda, Peshawar, Swat, and Lower Dir became problematic because of the extent and catastrophic nature of the floods.
Over 1, 500 died (and probably many more) and more than 20 million were impacted as rains swelled rivers, inundated villages, and triggered landslides, causing entire villages, roads, and bridges to be swept away, isolating thousands, and leaving 6 million homeless.
DERA ISMAIL KHAN: INUNDATED
THOUSANDS OF MUD BRICK HOMES COLLAPSED
SOME LIVESTOCK WERE SAVED, BUT THOUSANDS DROWNED
SEEKING HIGHER GROUND
EVACUATION: CARRYING SELECTED POSSESSIONS
EVACUATION: A DIFFICULT TASK
The people complained that the government was not meeting the urgent need for adequate temporary shelters, toilets, and clean drinking water to avert a public health catastrophe.
PROTESTERS: NOWSHERA
TEMPORARY SHELTER
30, 000 Pakistani troops used helicopters and other means to rescue 28, 000 people and to distribute water and food.
NOWSHERA: PAKISTANI ARMY DISTRIBUTING WATER
FOOD LINE IN PUNJAB PROVINCE: AUGUST 20
FLOODS STRIKE COMMUNITIES NEAR CHINANORTH KOREA BORDER AUGUST 20 -22, 2010
Flooding forced the evacuation of 94, 000 people in the north China port city of Dandong, an area near the boundary with North Korea, after heavy rains caused China’s Yalu River to breach its banks.
Near Sinuiju, the North Korean city opposite Dandong, flooding swamped houses, public buildings and farmland in more than five villages.
SINUIJU, NORTH KOREA: INUNDATION BY ANNOK (YALU ) RIVER
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