REMBRANDT Harmenszoon van Rijn Rape of Ganymede 1635

רמברנדט בוחר לצייר את גנימדס כתינוק מבוהל המטיל את מימיו מרוב פחד REMBRANDT Harmenszoon van Rijn Rape of Ganymede, 1635 Gemäldegalerie, Dresden

. ןמוזג יין במשתאות האלים , מאז מבלה גנימדס במרומים לצידו של זאוס Appiani Andrea Olympus, first half of 19 th century , Pinacoteca di Brera, Milan, Italy

Zeus seizes the boy Ganymedes, who is holding a pet rooster (perhaps a gift of courting). Attic Red Figure, Kylix , ca 475 - 425 BC Museo Archaeologico Nazionale di Spina, Ferrara, Italy GANYMEDES was a handsome, young Trojan prince who was carried off to heaven by Zeus, or his eagle, to be the god's lover and cup-bearer of the gods. Ganymedes also received a place amongst the stars as the constellation Aquarius, his ambrosial mixing cup became the Krater, and the eagle Aquila. Ganymedes was frequently represented as the god of homosexual love, and as such appears as a playmate of the love-gods Eros (Love) and Hymenaios (Marital Love). Ganymedes was depicted in Greek vase painting as a handsome boy. In the abduction scene his attributes were usually a rooster (a lover's gift), a hoop (a boy's toy), or a lyre. When portrayed as the cup-bearer of the gods he is shown pouring nectar from a jug. In sculpture and mosaic art, on the other hand, Ganymedes usually appears with shepherd's crock and a Phrygian cap. The boy's name was derived from the Greek words ganumai "gladdening" and mêdon or medeôn, "prince" or "genitals. " The name may have been formed to contain a deliberate double-meaning.

CELLINI, Benvenuto Ganymede, 1548 -50 Bronze, height 60 cm Museo Nazionale del Bargello, Florence

Homer, Iliad 20. 232 ff (trans. Lattimore) (Greek epic C 8 th B. C. ) : "Tros, who was lord of the Trojans, and to Tros in turn there were born three sons unfaulted, Ilos (Ilus) and Assarakos (Assaracus) and godlike Ganymedes who was the loveliest born of the race of mortals, and therefore the gods caught him away to themselves, to be Zeus' wine-pourer, for the sake of his beauty, so he might be among the immortals. " Portrait of Ganymede. The antique head comes from a group representing the rape of Ganymede by Zeus, a statuary type known by several copies of the entire group and by separate heads, like this one. Naked bust and pedestal are modern additions. Ganymede's pose reproduces (and reverses) that of the statue of Paris by Greek 4 th century BC sculptor Euphranor (cf. Louvre Ma 4708). Roman artwork of the Imperial Era (2 nd century AD), found in 1784 near the tomb of Cecilia Metella (south of Rome). Pentelic marble. Louvre Museum, Paris

Hesiod, Catalogues of Women Fragment 102 (from Oxyrhynchus Papyri 1359 fr. 2) (trans. Evelyn-White) (Greek epic C 8 th or C 7 th B. C. ) : "Dardanos came to the coast of the mainland [of Troy]--from him Erikhthonios (Erichthonius) and thereafter Tros were sprung, and Ilos (Ilus), and Assarakos (Assaracus), and godlike Ganymede. . . beauty. " Ganymede holding a hoop, symbol of his youth, and a cock, a traditional pederastic gift. Attic red-figure bell-krater, 500– 490 BC. Musée du Louvre, Paris

Homeric Hymn 5 to Aphrodite 203 ff (trans. Evelyn-White) (Greek epic C 7 th - 4 th B. C. ) : "Verily wise Zeus carried off golden-haired Ganymedes because of his beauty, to be amongst the Deathless Ones and pour drink for the gods in the house of Zeus--a wonder to see--, honoured by all the immortals as he draws the red nectar from the golden bowl. . . deathless and unageing, even as the gods. " The Abduction of Ganymede, 1700 , Uffizi Gallery Florence Italy

Michelangelo Buonarroti, The Rape of Ganymede , 1533, Fogg Art Museum, Cambridge

following Michelangelo Buonarroti Ganymedes abducted by the eagle. ca. 1580 Künsthistorische Museum, Wien.

Clovio Giulio The Rape of Ganymede Royal Collection, Windsor Clovio Giulio The Rape of Ganymede. 1538 Casa Buonarroti, Florence, Italy

On 1 or 2 August 1537 (both dates are given in sources), near the Tuscan village of Montemurlo , the forces of the newly installed Duke Cosimo I of Florence defeated a hastily organized army of those who wished to overthrow the Medici and restore the Republic of Florence. Following the battle, Cosimo's bloody vengeance on all those who opposed Medici rule effectively ended organized opposition to his family in Florence. The victory led to the decision of Emperor Charles V to formally recognize Cosimo as Duke of Florence on 30 September 1537 Franco Battista The Battle of Montemurlo and the Rape of Ganymede 1537 -41 Galleria Palatina (Palazzo Pitti), Florence

William Hilton, R. A. The Rape of Ganymede, ca. 1806 Royal Academy of Arts Collections, London CORREGGIO Ganymede, 1531 -32 Kunsthistorisches Museum, Vienna

Pindar, Olympian Ode 1. 40 ff (trans. Conway) (Greek lyric C 5 th B. C. ) : "He [Poseidon] seized upon you [Pelops], his heart mad with desire, and brought you mounted in his glorious chariot to the high hall of Zeus whom all men honour, where later came Ganymede, too, for a like love, to Zeus. " Pindar, Olympian Ode 10. 102 ff (trans. Conway) (Greek lyric C 5 th B. C. ) : "Lovely his body's grace, that spring-tide hour of beauty, which long since freed Ganymede--so willed Kypris [Aphrodite]--from death's relentless power. " after Francesco Albani , Jupiter and Ganymede

Raffaello da Montelupo Jupiter kissing Ganymede, 1550 , Ashmolean Museum , Oxford Vasari, Giorgio 1511 -1574. Abduction of Ganymede. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York

Anton Raphael Mengs and Giacomo Casanova Jupiter Kissing Ganymede, 1758. An imitation of an ancient Roman fresco Galleria Nazionale d'Arte Antica, Rome Wilhelm Böttner, Jupiter Kissing Ganymede, 1780

Christian Griepenkerl, Theft of Fire, Prometheus stealing fire from sleeping Zeus (on his right side Ganymede )

Zeus and Ganymedes. Hamburger Kunsthalle

In fifth-century Athens, vase-painters often depicted the mythological story, which was so suited to the all-male symposium or formal banquet. The Ganymede myth was treated in recognizable contemporary terms, illustrated with common behavior of homoerotic courtship rituals. Amphora: Hermes and Ganymede , Circa 470 BC Ancient Greece State Hermitage Museum Zeus holding a sceptre, pursues and seizes the boy Ganymedes Attic Red Figure, Kylix, ca 480 BC The J Paul Getty Museum, Malibu, California

Theognis, Fragment 1. 1345 (trans. Gerber, Vol. Greek Elegiac) (Greek elegy C 6 th B. C. ) : "There is some pleasure in loving a youth, since once in fact even [Zeus] the son of Kronos, king of the immortals, fell in love with Ganymedes, seized him, carried him off to Olympos, and made him divine, keeping the lovely bloom of boyhood. " The youth Ganymedes standing beside the eagle of Zeus. Roman copy of Greek statue Museo Pio-Clementino, Musei Vaticani, Vatican City

Euripides, Iphigenia at Aulis 1051 ff (trans. Vellacott) (Greek tragedy C 5 th B. C. ): "And Dardanos' child [that is descendant], Ganymede, prince of Phrygia, the dear delight of Zeus' bed, dipped deep the bowl of gold [at the wedding of Peleus and Thetis attended by the gods], filling the cups for wine-offerings. " Ganymedes serves Zeus ambrosia on Olympos. The god is enthroned with an eagle seated on his royal staff. Attic Red Figure, Krater, calyx, ca 490 - 480 BC Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York City

Plato, Laws 636 c (trans. Bury) (Greek philosopher C 4 th B. C. ) : "One certainly should not fail to observe that when male unites with female for procreation the pleasure experienced is held to be due to nature, but contrary to nature when male mates with male or female with female, and that those first guilty of such enormities were impelled by their slavery to pleasure. And we all accuse the Kretans of concocting the story about Ganymedes. Because it was the belief that they derived their laws from Zeus, they added on this story about Zeus in order that they might be following his example in enjoying this pleasure as well. " Plato, Phaedrus 255(trans. Fowler) )Greek philosopher C 4 th B. C. ) : Plato speaking of homosexual desires]" : And when his feeling continues and he is nearer to him a embraces him, in gymnastic exerci and at other times of meeting, then the fountain of that stream, which Zeus when he was in love with Ganymede named Himeros (Desire), overflows upon the lover, and some enters into his soul, and some when he is filled flows out again". Alfred Sacheverell Coke, Eros and Ganymede, Victoria and Albert Museum, London

Pseudo-Apollodorus, Bibliotheca 3. 141 (trans. Aldrich) (Greek mythographer C 2 nd A. D. ) : "Tros married Skamandros' (Scamander's) daughter Kallirrhoe (Callirhoe), had a daughter Kleopatra (Cleopatra), and sons Ilos (Ilus), Assarakos (Assaracus), and Ganymedes. Because of his beauty, Zeus kidnapped Ganymedes by means of an eagle, and set him as cupbearer in the sky. " Eustache Le Sueur The Abduction of Ganymede, 1644

Strabo, Geography 13. 1. 11 (trans. Jones) (Greek geographer C 1 st B. C. to C 1 st A. D. ) : "On the boundary between the territory of Kyzikos (Cyzicus) [in the Troad] and that of Priapos is a place called Harpagia, from which, according to some writers of myths, Ganymede was snatched, though others say that he was snatched in the neighborhood of the Dardanian Promontory, near Dardanos. " Rubens Pieter Pauwel The Abduction of Ganymede 1611 -12 Schwarzenberg Palace, Vienna

Gustave Moreau, Ganymede, 1886

Moreau Gustave (1826 -1898), Ganymede, Musee Gustave Moreau, Paris

Bertel Thorvaldsen, Ganymede Waters Zeus as an Eagle, 1817, Thorvaldsens Museum, Copenhagen

Bertel Thorvaldsen 1770 -1844 Ganymede filling the cup. The Thorvaldsen Museum, Copenhagen.

Pseudo-Hyginus, Fabulae 271 (trans. Grant) (Roman mythographer C 2 nd A. D. ) : "Youths who were most handsome. . . Ganymede, son of Erichthonius, whom Jove [Zeus] loved. " Pseudo-Hyginus, Astronomica 2. 16 : "[Constellation] Aquila. This is the eagle which is said to have snatched Ganymede up and given him to his lover, Jove [Zeus]. . . And so it seems to fly above Aquarius, who, as many imagine is Ganymede. " Pseudo-Hyginus, Astronomica 2. 29 : Roman relief with rape of Ganymede, 1 st century CE, preserved at Florence. "Ganymede, whom Jupiter [Zeus] is said to have made cupbearer of the gods, snatching him up from his parents because of his beauty. "

Ovid, Metamorphoses 10. 152 ff (trans. Melville) (Roman epic C 1 st B. C. to C 1 st A. D. ) : "But now I need a lighter strain, to sing of boys beloved of gods and girls bewitched by lawless fires who paid the price of lust. The King of Heaven (Rex Superum) once was fired with love of Ganymedes Phrygius, and something was devised that Juppiter [Zeus] would rather be than what he was. Yet no bird would he deign to be but one that had the power to bear his thunderbolts. At once his spurious pinions beat the breeze and off he swept Iliades [Ganymedes of Ilion]; who now, mixing the nectar, waits in heaven above, though Juno [Hera] frowns, and hands the cup to Jove. " Ovid, Metamorphoses 11. 756 ff : "His forebears were Ilus, Assaracus and Ganymede, Jove's [Zeus'] stolen lad, and old Laomedon. " Ovid, Heroides 16. 199 ff (trans. Showerman) (Roman poetry C 1 st B. C. to C 1 st A. D. ) : "[Paris addresses Helene: ] ‘Do not disdain a Phrygian for your lord. . . A Phrygian, and born of our blood, was he [Ganymedes] who now is with the gods, and mingles water with the nectar for their drinking. ’" Rubens, Peter Paul, The Abduction of Ganymede, Museo Nacional del Prado

Virgil, Aeneid 5. 252 ff (trans. Day-Lewis) (Roman epic C 1 st B. C. ) : "[Woven into the fabric of a robe was an image of: ] Ganymede, hunting on leafy Ida, with his javelin, hunting down swift stags--you could almost see him panting, the nimble boy; he was pictured, too, being snatched up aloft from Ida in the claws of Juppiter's [Zeus'] fast-flying eagle--his aged guardians are raising their impotent hands to heaven, his dogs are furiously barking up at the sky above them. " Roman Mosaic, Rape of Ganymede , 3 rd CE. The Archaeological Museum of Sousse , Tunisia

Zeus abducts Ganymedes Roman Mosaic, C 3 rd AD Paphos, House of Dionysos Abduction of Ganymede Roman mosaic, Musee Archeologique, El Jemm, Tunisia

Ganymedes and the Eagle. Mosaic, end of 2 nd century AD. Museo Nazionale Romano, Rome, Ganymedes in the guise of an eagle, from the company of his parents during the hunt. Roman Mosaic, C 4 th AD, from Antioch Antakya Museum, Turkey Zeus seizes

Jupiter in form of eagle abducting Ganymede, mosaic, early 1 st century Gallo-Roman Musée Lapidaire St Pierre Vienne France Abduction of Ganymede. Roman mosaic. From the Sollertiana Domus. Musee Archeologique, El Jemm, Tunisia

Nonnus, Dionysiaca 10. 258 ff (trans. Rouse) (Greek epic C 5 th A. D. ) : "[Dionysos fears for his love, the youth Ampelos: ] He feared Kronides [Zeus] might suddenly appear over Tmolos as a love-bird on amorous wings unapproachable, carrying off the boy with harmless talons into the air, as once he did the Trojan boy [Ganymedes] to serve his cups. " Nonnus, Dionysiaca 10. 308 ff : "Swear by your [Zeus'] own young friend [Ganymedes]--when you were an eagle, when you picked up the boy on the slopes of Teukrian Ida with greedy gentle claw, and brought him to heaven, had the clown such beauty as this, when you made him one of the heavenly table still smelling the byre? " CARPI, Girolamo da, The Rape of Ganymede, 1543 -44, Gemäldegalerie, Dresden

Nonnus, Dionysiaca 15. 279 ff : "There are herdsmen that lie in heavenly beds. . . He that pours wine for Zeus [Ganymedes] was an oxherd, whom high-soaring Zeus for his beauty carried off with tender hands. " Nonnus, Dionysiaca 25. 430 ff : Mazza, Damiano The Rape of Ganymede, 1575 National Gallery, London "The Trojan winepourer [Ganymedes] was cunningly depicted [engraved on a shield] with art divine being carried into the court of Zeus. There well wrought was the Eagle, just as we see in pictures, on the wing, holding him fast in his predatory talons. Zeus appeared to be anxious as he flew through the air, holding the terrified boy with claws that tore not, gently moving the wings and sparing his strength, for he feared Ganymede might slip and fall headlong from the sky, and the deadly surf of the sea might drown him. Even more he feared the Moirai (Fates), and he hoped that the lovely youth might not first give his name to the sea below and rob Helle of the honour which was reserved for her future. Next the boy was depicted at the feast of the heavenly table, as one ladling the wine. "

Baldassare Peruzzi , The Rape of Ganymede, c. 1509 -14, Villa Farnesina, Rome

Soldani-Benzi, Massimiliano, Ganymede and the Eagle, c. 1700 National Museums Scotland

Gabriel Ferrier(1847 -1914) , Ganymede Richard Evans Ganymede Feeding the Eagle, ca. 1822, V&A Museum, London

Ganymedes fountain in front of the Slovak National Theatre (historical building), Bratislava, Slovakia

Zeus and Ganymede , c. 470 BC, Polychrom terracotta Acroterion from the Temple of Zeus Olympia Museum Greece

Zeus and Ganymede. from Etruria 5 th BCE Attic red-figure kylix. Tondo. Louvre Museum, Paris Mirror-case showing a scene of Ganymede and the Eagle watched by Ilos, Assaracos and Callirrhoe. Etruscan. Bronze, British Museum, London

Ceiling painting of Ganymede and the Eagle in the Queen's Closet at Ham House, London

Henry Oliver Walker ( 1843 - 1929 ). Ganymede, Library of Congress Jefferson Building

Soldani (Benzi), Massimiliano, Ganymede and the Eagle, with Cupid and a Dog. Fitzwilliam Museum, Cambridge, Great Britain

Ganymedes with the Eagle Roman decorative artwork sculpted in marble Roman copy of Greek statue, C 2 nd AD Luni marble, early 3 rd century AD. from a villa Via Prenestina, in Rome Museo . between 160 and 170 AD State Hermitage Museum, St Petersburg Nazionale Romano, Rome

Ganymede & the eagle. Marble, Roman artwork of the Imperial era. Galleria dei Candelabri Musei Vaticani Ganymede holding a jug and Zeus' eagle. Marble, Roman artwork of the Imperial era, variation on the Hellenistic type of a child playing with a bird. Galleria dei Candelabri, Musei Vaticani

COMPENSATION PAID FOR GANYMEDE Homer, Iliad 5. 265 ff (trans. Lattimore) (Greek epic C 8 th B. C. ) : "These [the horses of Aeneias] are of that strain which Zeus of the wide brows granted once to Tros, recompense for his son Ganymedes, and therefore are the finest of all horses beneath the sun and the daybreak. " Homerica, The Little Iliad Fragment 7 (from Scholiast on Euripides Troades 822) (trans. Evelyn-White) (Greek epic C 8 th or 7 th B. C. ) : "The vine which [Zeus] the son of Kronos gave him [Laomedon] as a recompense for his son. It bloomed richly with soft leaves of gold and grape cluseters; Hephaistos (Hephaestus) wrought it and gave it to his father Zeus: and he bestowed it on Laomedon as a price for Ganymedes. " Homeric Hymn 5 to Aphrodite 203 ff (trans. Evelyn-White) (Greek epic C 7 th - 4 th B. C. ) : "Verily wise Zeus carried off golden-haired Ganymedes because of his beauty, to be amongst the Deathless Ones and pour drink for the gods in the house of Zeus--a wonder to see--, honoured by all the immortals as he draws the red nectar from the golden bowl. But grief that could not be soothed filled the heart of Tros; for he knew not whither the heaven-sent whirlwind had caught up his dear son, so that he mourned him always, unceasingly, until Zeus pitied him and gave him high-stepping horses such as carry the immortals as recompense for his son. These he gave him as a gift. And at the command of Zeus, the Guide, Argeiphontes, told him all, and how his son would be deathless and unageing, even as the gods. So when Tros heard these tidings Zeus seated on a stool with Hermes from Zeus, he no longer kept mourning but rejoiced in his heart and rode . and a youth, probably Ganymede joyfully with his storm-footed horses. " Attic black-figure lekythos 550– 540 BC. Regional archaeological museum of Palermo

Lelio Orsi (1508/11 -1587) , The Rape of Ganymede

Adomo Tadolini Zeus and Ganymede, before 1868.

GANYMEDE CUPBEARER OF THE GODS Homer, Iliad 20. 232 ff (trans. Lattimore) (Greek epic C 8 th B. C. ) : "Ganymedes who was the loveliest born of the race of mortals, and therefore the gods caught him away to themselves, to be Zeus' winepourer. " Homeric Hymn 5 to Aphrodite 203 ff (trans. Evelyn-White) (Greek epic C 7 th - 4 th B. C. ) : "Zeus carried off golden-haired Ganymedes because of his beauty, to be amongst the Deathless Ones and pour drink for the gods in the house of Zeus--a wonder to see--, honoured by all the immortals as he draws the red nectar from the golden bowl. " Euripides, Iphigenia at Aulis 1051 ff (trans. Vellacott) (Greek tragedy C 5 th B. C. ) : "Ganymede. . . dipped deep the bowl of gold [at the wedding of Peleus and Thetis attended by the gods], filling the cups for wineofferings. " Diodorus Siculus, Library of History 4. 75. 3 (trans. Oldfather) (Greek historian C 1 st B. C. ) : "Ganymedes. . . was snatched up by the gods to serve as the cupbearer of Zeus. " Pausanias, Description of Greece 5. 24. 5 (trans. Jones) (Greek travelogue C 2 nd A. D. ) : "Homer's poem tells how Ganymedes was carried off by the gods to be winebearer to Zeus. " Pseudo-Hyginus, Astronomica 2. 29 (trans. Grant) (Roman mythographer C 2 nd A. D. ) : "Ganymede, whom Jupiter [Zeus] is said to have made cupbearer of the gods. " Zeus & Ganymedes Attic Red Figure, Kylix, ca 480 BC The J Paul Getty Museum, Malibu, California

Athena , Zeus, Ganymedes and Hestia from a scene of the gods feasting on Olympos. Attic Red Figure, Kylix, , late sixth century BC , Museo Nazionale Tarquiniese, Tarquinia, Italy

Cicero, De Natura Deorum 1. 40 (trans. Rackham) (Roman rhetorician C 1 st B. C. ) : "What viands and beverages, what harmonies of music and flowers of various hue, what delights of touch and smell will you assign to the gods, so as to keep them steeped in pleasure? The poets array banquets or nectar and ambrosia, with Juventas [Hebe] or Ganymede in attendance as cupbearer. " Bertel Thorvaldsen Hebe Gives Ganymede the Cup and Pitcher, 1833. The Thorvaldsen Museum, Copenhagen

Ganymede Feeding the Eagle, 1 st century BC - 1 st century , State Hermitage Museum

Ovid, Metamorphoses 10. 152 ff (trans. Melville) (Roman epic C 1 st B. C. to C 1 st A. D. ) : "[Ganymedes] now, mixing the nectar, waits in heaven above, though Juno [Hera] frowns, and hands the cup to Jove [Zeus]. " Valerius Flaccus, Argonautica 5. 690 ff : "He [Jupiter, Zeus] renews the banquet. . . and at last sends starry night down from Olympus. Then the choir of Musae (Muses) and Apollo, striker of the lyre. . . appear, and the Phrygian henchman [Ganymedes] bears round the heavy bowl. They [the gods] rise when slumber calls, and turn themselves each to his own dwelling. " Baldassare Franceschini, il Volterrano (1611 -1690) Ganymede

José Álvarez Cubero Ganymede, 1804. Guillaume (II) Couston (1716 -1777) Ganymede. Victoria and Albert Museum, London.

Lorenzi, Stoldo (1534 -1583) The Ganymede Fountain. Boboli Gardens, Florence

Laviron, Pierre Ganymede , 1682. Park Versailles, France

: מקורות http: //www. theoi. com/Ganymedes http: //en. wikipedia. org/Ganymede http: //commons. wikimedia. org/Ganymede http: //www. artcyclopedia. com/Ganymede http: //www. wga. hu/Ganymede http: //www. theoi. com/Ganymedes http: //www. mlahanas. de/Ganymede http: //www. maicar. com/Ganymedes http: //www. artres. com/Ganymede אסף פלר : עריכה Christian Wilhelm Allers (1857 -1915), Ganymed

, שלום לך אני מזמין אותך לבקר באתר המצגות שלי ולהנות ממצגות נוספות אסף פלר , להתראות http: //assaffeller. com Ganymed carried off by Zeus'eagle. A medallion on a golden pitcher ( detail. ) The treasure of Nagyszentmiklos Romania