REM KOOLHAAS Presented By Charu Sukheeja B Arch

REM KOOLHAAS Presented By: Charu Sukheeja B. Arch. IV yr.

EARLY ROAD TO SUCCESS STUDIES LIFE • In 1975 Koolhaas along with some other architects founded the OMA (Office for Metropolitan Architecture), dedicated to findingarchitect "new synergies" between architecture and • Dutch contemporary culture. • Born on 17 november 1944 in Rotterdam, Netherlands • OMA got their first project as ‘the Netherlands Dance Theatre’ in 1987. • • • • Studied scriptwriting Journalist In 2005, 1968, he heco-founded again started studies, Magazine’ in architecture at the In ‘Volume together with Architectural Association School of Architecture in London Mark Wigley and Ole Bouman. • In 1972, studied further at Cornell University in New York • Principal of the OMA and of its research-oriented counterpart AMO, currently based in Rotterdam, The Netherlands.

HONOURS & PRIZES: ü Pritzker Architecture Prize Laureate in 2000 ü TIME Magazine Best Architecture in 2004 for Seattle Central Library ü RIBA Gold Medal in 2004 ü The Mies van der Rohe Award in 2005 for the Netherlands Embassy, Berlin PHILOSOPHY Called as “the guru of contemporary architecture” Great architects impose their vision on the world who come bearing significant forms and whip cities into shape. “Architecture should not change the world instead world should change architecture. ” He was fascinated by the dynamics of the New York city and how it stood apart from the urban-design trend toward "dedensifying" cities, tearing down entire blocks to create open malls and plazas.

BASIC PRINCIPLES ü Manhattanism i. e. a world totally fabricated by man ü Modernism ü Deconstructivism – stylish designs and unususal concepts ü Boldly produces buildings that defer visually to their surroundings ü Form follows function ü Linking of technology and humanity ü Rigorous analysis and audacious ideas ü Asymmetry ü Nonlinearity ü Articulation causing mutation in contemporary architecture

SEATTLE PUBLIC LIBRARY

HISTORY The Collins Block at Second and James Henry Yesler's former mansion at Third and James Entries were invited through a competition The Carnegie Library, on the site of the current building DESIGNING BASIS He conceived the new library as a celebration of books. In the "digital age“ of 21 st century also, people respond to books printed on paper. Wanted to make the library inviting to the public rather than stuffy Was ambitious to redefine the Library as an information store, no longer exclusively dedicated to the book. Although unusual in shape, but the building's required functions dictate what it should look like.

FLOOR SPACE: 362, 987 square feet PARKING: 49, 000 square feet, underground NUMBER OF LEVELS: 1 1 BUDGET: $165. 5 million BUILDING POPULATION: 328 staff, 8, 000+ visitors per day ü Combination of like with like. ü Identification of five platforms each dedicated to a specific cluster. ü Each platform is a programmatic entity that is architecturally defined and equipped for maximum, dedicated performance. ü As each platform is designed for a different purpose, they are different in size, density and opacity. ü The in-between spaces are like trading floors where librarians inform and stimulate. ü Interface between the different platforms is organized.

Level 0: Basement Level 1 : Book return/check out ü Children's Center – ü Includes - books, DVDs, CDs and more. ü Microsoft Auditorium – • 275 -seat Auditorium. • The back of it can expand, creating an additional 150 seats for larger programs. • Learning Center • Restrooms are here as well. Level 2: Staff ü For staff members only. ü It has shipping, receiving, book sorting and technical and collection services

Level 3: The Norcliffe Foundation Living Room/Fifth Avenue ü Includes areas to gather or read and is open and airy with a ceiling of 50 feet height. ü The bright, colorful carpets - patterns of lifelike plants are laid. ü The base of the atrium is located on this level. ü Friend. Shop (gift shop), Chocolate coffee cart, Starbucks Teen Center, Feature film video and DVD collection, Family Fiction Collection and Large print collection. Level 4: Meeting Room ü The corridor walls, floors and ceilings are painted in deep reds and pinks. ü The meeting rooms are calm, neutral colors - such as brown and gray. .

Level 5 ü Mixing Chamber ü The Tech Logic automated book conveyance and sorting system that moves and sorts books and other materials using Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) technology ü Entry to the Books Spiral. Levels 6 - 9: Books Spiral ü Four floors of book stacks, connected by gentle ramps. ü 75 % of the entire collection — is located on the Books Spiral. ü Collection exist in one continuous run ü Avoids moving of the books into other rooms or floors as the collection expands. ü Independent of stairs, escalators or elevators.

Level 10: Betty Jane Narver Reading Room Light-filled. Seating for 400. Ceiling height – 40 -foot Views of Elliott Bay. Level 11: Headquarters Has administrative offices

SOCIAL SUSTAINABILITY ü Careful design of spaces for use for public gathering for many years to come. ü Expansion of collections eventually encroaches public spaces, but the new design prevents this through clear separation of public spaces and spaces for other library functions. ü Views of surrounding skyscrapers - feel connected to the city and the outdoors through the library’s glass exterior. ü Seattle’s Public Art Program - main artworks are integrated into the building in fun and innovative ways. BARRIER-FREE DESIGN AND FLEXIBILE USE üContinuous spiral üGently sloping ramps WAY FINDING AND USABILITY üLarge signs give direction üImportant elements are color coded üEscalators and elevators – yellow color üComputer areas - aluminum flooring üBreaking up areas into zones, and the atrium that connects nine levels, help orient the visitor

INNOVATIONS IN ENERGY EFFICIENCY ü The library is exceeds Seattle’s energy code by 10 percent. ü The expected energy savings would power at least 125 homes. HIGH PERFORMANCE GLAZING SYSTEM – ü 50% exterior glass has triple-glazed system ü 50% double-glazed clear glass ü Outer layer : low-e coating filters non-visible light energy. ü Better shading effect than most tinted glass buildings, without the undesirable darkening. ü Diagonal grid system : protection against earthquake or wind damage

LIGHTING ü Low cost and easy maintenance ü Example, the light bulbs in the Faye G. Allen Children’s Center, above, are expected to last 10 years ü Light and motion sensors ü Plenty of natural daylight ü Reading Room has a north-facing skylight bringing in natural light VENTILATION ü Air distribution system, called displacement ventilation, used on Levels 1, 3, 5 and 10. ü Ventilation comes from the floor ü Gives the advantage of “free cooling” when the temperature of cooled air is not much different from the outside air ü Provides more fresh air at a person’s working height ü Modular nature of the raised floor system allows easier relocation of interior spaces than conventional systems, reducing long-term costs.

Ø RAINWATER COLLECTION – ü 40, 000 -gallon water storage water tank ü Used for landscape irrigation. ü Prevents combined sewer overflows in Puget Sound. ü Saves about 75, 000 gallons of water per year. Ø WATERLESS URINALS The 16 urinals in the building save 720, 000 gallons of water per year, enough to serve the indoor water needs of more than 13 homes. SUSTAINABLE SITE DESIGN ü LIGHT POLLUTION REDUCTION Exterior lighting is shielded ü DROUGHT-TOLERANT LANDSCAPING Zero potable (drinking) water is used for landscaping due to rainwater collection system ü HEAT ISLAND REDUCTION Providing shade to exterior spaces and a light colored Energy Star® roof that reflects heat and light lessens this effect.

REDUCING AIR POLLUTION ü Bicycle storage and showers with lockers encourage staff to bike to work. ü Nearby access to public transit and the University Station bus tunnel, encourages staff and patrons to leave their cars at home. ü Two electric vehicle charging stations in parking garage. ü Underground parking minimizes pollution-laden runoff. SUSTAINABLE MATERIALS OZONE PROTECTION Library’s refrigerants contain no HCFCs and the fire suppression system uses no halogens. RECYCLING CONSTRUCTION WASTE ü Building construction contributes to 40% of the materials destined for municipal landfills worldwide. ü More than 80% of the waste generated in building the library was recycled. ü More than 95% of the demolition waste from the old library was recycled.

RECYCLED-CONTENT MATERIALS ü ü ü ü ü Concrete rubble used as fill before construction Wood flooring, called Worthwood, made in Oregon from scrap wood Structural steel: 90 percent recycled scrap Steel rebar: 97. 5 percent recycled scrap Exterior aluminum: 30 percent recycled content Steel doors and frames: 48 percent recycled materials Sheet aluminum flooring: 20 percent recycled materials Gypsum wall board: 10 percent recycled materials Library shelving: 80 -90 percent recycled materials. LOCAL AND REGIONAL MATERIALS HEALTHY INDOOR ENVIRONMENTS Healthy material/strategies that contribute to good indoor air quality: ü Most adhesives and carpets are low toxic ü Monitors protect air quality by measuring carbon dioxide ü Indoor air quality management plan during construction managed air filtration and provided for proper materials storage ü A two-week, 100 percent outside air “flush” before occupant move-in removed residual chemicals/particles left from construction.

EFFICIENT USE OF MATERIALS ELIMINATES WASTE Materials and systems with elements serving more than one purpose ü Diamond grid structural steel : backup for the glass exterior and interior finish for the walls ü In the core of the building, the structural concrete also serves as a finish. ü Some spaces have lighting shielded with polycarbonate panels that diffuse the light, finish the ceiling and act as a return air plenum. ü Fireproofing on interior structural steel serves as the finish and a sound absorber. ü Using the foundation walls from the previous library in the new construction reduced the amount of new concrete needed and reduced demolition waste.

Public opinions : ü Awarded for innovation and engineering in its "structural solutions". ü Usage of the building is double the predicted volume. ü Many less fond of its unusual design ü Condemned by the Project for Public Spaces, which noted "if the library were a true 'community hub, ' its most active areas would connect directly to the street Personal opinion : ü Rigorous analysis of 1. The site 2. The city 3. Its existing structures 4. Culture of people. ü Exploration of the capabilities of various architectural materials available. ü Care for the technologies from the beginning of the project. ü Proper use of warm and cool colors.

REFERENCES LIBRARY AND LEARNING CENTRE, VIENNA BY ZAHA HADID A+U(Architecture + urbanism) magazine http: //www. oma. nl/ http: //www. articlemyriad. com/33. htm http: //www. architectenweb. nl/aweb/projects/project_show_list. asp? i. MID=2542 http: //eng. archinform. net/arch/434. htm http: //www. classic. archined. nl/sites/Rem. Koolhaas_sourcepage_e. html http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Rem_Koolhaas http: //www. time. com/time/specials/2007/article/0, 28804, 1733748. html THANK YOU