Religious Change Reformation 12 The Reformation WHAT YOU

Religious Change: Reformation 12 The Reformation WHAT YOU WILL LEARN At the end of this chapter you should understand. . . • The causes (or reasons) for the Reformation. • The role of Martin Luther. • The role of John Calvin. • How the Reformation began and progressed in England Ireland. • The Counter-Reformation. • The Results of the Reformation. Chapter 12 | The Reformation

How do we know about the Reformation? • Sermons, letters, hymns, books and the 95 Theses by Martin Luther • The writings of John Calvin • The records of the Catholic Church • The Book of Common Prayer in England • The churches and ruins of the time Chapter 12 | The Reformation

What caused the Reformation? The printing press The power of kings and princes Nepotism Simony The Wealth of the Church What caused the Reformation? Abuses in the Catholic Church Bad organisation Chapter 12 | The Reformation The Influence of the Renaissance Pluralism Absenteeism

The Life of a Reformer: Martin Luther • Augustinian Order • Wittenberg University • Worried about salvation • Justification by faith • Tetzel and the sale of indulgences • 95 theses Chapter 12 | The Reformation

The Life of a Reformer: Martin Luther Support for Luther’s Views Some of Luther’s 95 Theses • 95 Theses printed in German These are three of his theses: • Germans objected to paying money to Rome 5. The Pope has no power to let people escape the punishments they must endure for their sins. 21. Indulgences do not save people from all punishment. 86. Why doesn’t the Pope, whose riches are enormous, build the Basilica of St Peter with his own money instead of taking it from poor believers? Did Luther nail the 95 Theses to the church door at Wittenberg? Chapter 12 | The Reformation

The Life of a Reformer: Martin Luther Cardinal Cajetan The Diet of Worms John Eck Rome responds Emperor Charles V Papal Bull Excommunication Chapter 12 | The Reformation

The Life of a Reformer: Martin Luther Is this propaganda? Chapter 12 | The Reformation

The Life of a Reformer: Martin Luther What happened at the Diet of Worms? Chapter 12 | The Reformation

The Life of a Reformer: Martin Luther WHY DID LUTHERANISM SPREAD? • The influence of the printing press, which spread his ideas. • Support of German princes, e. g. Frederick the Wise. • Princes wanted the wealth of German monasteries and bishops. • Charles V was busy with other parts of his huge empire. • Germans did not want to pay extra money to Rome. Chapter 12 | The Reformation

The Life of a Reformer: Martin Luther Germany divided along religious lines Lutheranism today Other reformers inspired The Results of Luther’s Reformation Literacy and education spread Chapter 12 | The Reformation Increased use of vernacular language

Calvin’s Reformation in Geneva The Bible Calvin’s Beliefs Sacraments Chapter 12 | The Reformation Predestination

Calvin’s Reformation in Geneva Pastors Calvin’s Church in Geneva Teachers Deacons Strict rules Elders (presbyters) What are the features of this Calvinist church? Chapter 12 | The Reformation

Calvin’s Reformation in Geneva French Huguenots Spread of Calvin’s Ideas Chapter 12 | The Reformation Education System Missionaries John Knox Reformed Church Puritans

Religious Conflict Why was there religious conflict? Chapter 12 | The Reformation

The Reformation in England What problem did Henry have? Chapter 12 | The Reformation

The Reformation in England Supreme Head Act of Supremacy Bible in English Oath of Supremacy Henry’s changes Catholic services Closure of the Monasteries Reasons Chapter 12 | The Reformation Effects

The Reformation in England The English Reformation Spreads Edward VI Mary Elizabeth Protestantism Catholicism Protestantism Book of Common Prayer Results Chapter 12 | The Reformation Church of England Monarch Head of Church Parliament more powerful Spanish Armada

The Reformation in England Summary of Religious Changes in England Ireland HENRY VIII EDWARD VI MARY ELIZABETH Head of Church King as head of Church Pope as head of Church Queen as head of Church Services In Latin In English Teachings Mainly Catholic teachings Protestant teachings Bible In English Priests Could not marry Could marry Monasteries Closed Why did the kings and queens of England fail to convert Ireland to Protestantism? Chapter 12 | The Reformation

The Catholic Counter-Reformation WHAT WAS THE COUNTER-REFORMATION? The efforts that the Catholic Church made to reform itself and to stop the spread of Protestantism are called the Counter-Reformation. The most important elements of the Counter-Reformation were: THE COUNCIL OF TRENT THE FOUNDING OF NEW RELIGIOUS ORDERS, ESPECIALLY THE JESUITS THE COURT OF INQUISITION Chapter 12 | The Reformation

The Catholic Counter-Reformation Old abuses outlawed Faith and good works Beliefs Bible and teachings of the Church 7 Sacraments Priest could not marry Rules Cathechism Index of Prohibited Books Images in churches What was the Council of Trent? Chapter 12 | The Reformation

The Catholic Counter-Reformation The Jesuits Origin of the Jesuits The Work of the Jesuits Ignatius of Loyola • Public preaching • Spiritual exercises • Deeds of charity Spiritual exercises Schools and colleges Like an army Missionaries Chapter 12 | The Reformation

The Catholic Counter-Reformation The Court of Inquisition What was the Inquisition? Chapter 12 | The Reformation

Religious Differences Summary of Religious differences CATHOLIC LUTHERAN CALVINIST Finding out about God The Bible and the teachings of the Church The Bible Salvation (going to heaven) Faith and good works By faith alone Predestination Sacraments Seven sacraments Two sacraments – baptism and Eucharist Clergy were specially educated and cannot marry Any Christian can be a clergyman. Clergy can marry. Head of Church The Pope Princes and kings Lay rulers – the elders Church services Mass in Latin In the vernacular Chapter 12 | The Reformation

Religious Differences Catholic NORWAY Lutheran SWEDEN Anglican SCOTLAND Calvinist Boundary of Holy Roman Empire DENMARK Religious minority THE NETHERLANDS IRELAND ENGLAND PRUSSIA GERMAN PRINCES AND CITIES FRANCE POLAND AUSTRIA HUNGARY SWITZERLAND PORTUGAL SPAIN TRANSYLVANIA ITALY Rome Chapter 12 | The Reformation OTTOMAN EMPIRE

The Results of the Reformation Europe divided Education Wars of Religion The Results of the Reformation Intolerance and persecution Art and Architecture What are the differences between these churches? Chapter 12 | The Reformation

FOCUS TASK 2 Historical Investigation and Analysis ‘Why was the Reformation successful in England but not in Ireland’. Use your textbook and research on the internet to present your own reasons in answering this question. Jupiter FOCUS TASK 3 Historical Debate ‘Martin Luther was right’. Use your textbook and research from the internet to present the case, for and against, this motion. Chapter 12 | The Reformation