Religion Sparks Reform CHAPTER 8 1 Second Great

Second Great Awakening �Second Great Awakening: A 19 th century religious movement in which

Second Great Awakening (continued) People’s action would determine if you went to heaven or

Revivalism �An emotional meeting designed to awaken religious faith through passionate preaching and prayer.

Transcendentalism �Philosophical and literary movement that emphasized living a simple life and connecting with

Unitarianism �Emphasized “reason” and listening to your “conscience” as the path to perfection. �Leader:

Ideal Communities �Religious and social reform inspired the establishment of “utopian communities” �Utopian Community

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Religion Sparks Reform CHAPTER 8. 1

Second Great Awakening �Second Great Awakening: A 19 th century religious movement in which individual responsibility for seeking salvation was emphasized, along with the need for personal and social improvement. Message: People could improve themselves and society

Second Great Awakening (continued) People’s action would determine if you went to heaven or hell. Promoted �Individualism �Responsibility

Revivalism �An emotional meeting designed to awaken religious faith through passionate preaching and prayer. �Studied the Bible and examined their soul �Included emotional preaching that could lead to crying out, bursting into tears, or trembling. �Could last 4 -5 days

Transcendentalism �Philosophical and literary movement that emphasized living a simple life and connecting with nature. �Led by Ralph Waldo Emerson & Henry David Thoreau �Ideas: Stressed freedom, self-reliance, and optimism �Movement: Civil Disobedience – Peacefully refuse to obey laws they considered unjust.

Unitarianism �Emphasized “reason” and listening to your “conscience” as the path to perfection. �Leader: William Ellery Channing �Believed that individual and social reform were important.

Ideal Communities �Religious and social reform inspired the establishment of “utopian communities” �Utopian Community An experimental community designed to be a perfect society where members lived together in harmony. Utopia – means perfect place to live Shared a goal of self-sufficiency (not needing outside help)