RELATIVE CLAUSES RELATIVE CLAUSES Ive got a friend

RELATIVE CLAUSES

RELATIVE CLAUSES I’ve got a friend. He collects stamps I’ve got a friend who collects stamps RELATIVE CLAUSE

RELATIVE PRONOUNS • WHO “The woman who lives next door is Peter’s sister. ” PEOPLE • WHICH The briefcase which is on the sofa is mine THINGS • THAT Do you know the man that is talking to Edward? OR THINGS The magazine PEOPLE that you lent me is very interesting

• WHOSE This is the woman whose son lives next to me POSSESSION • WHERE They’ve closed down the shop where I used to work PLACE • WHEN I’ll never forget the. TIME day when I met you

RELATIVE PRONOUNS IN DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSES

DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSES - USE Defining relative clauses are used to join two sentences together. They give essential information about people or things. • He's the man who I that introduced us. • I found a fantastic club where we can have our party. • That was the day when I that I decided to change my career. • Where is the key which I that opens this door? • Is he the man whose car was stolen‘?

DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSES - FORM • The relative clause always comes after the noun it refers to. • The relative pronouns who, which and that can be omitted when they are followed by a noun or a pronoun. • These are the shirts (which/ that) I bought. • They can’t be omitted when they act as the subject of the relative clause. • This is the tennis player who/that won the match.

Examples 1. I’d never sack a player who was playing well. 2. Baseball is a sport which I used to enjoy playing. 3. There are some players whose names are famous in China. 4. Greece is the country where the Olympics started. 5. These days people wear sports clothes which are light and comfortable. 6. It’s often the smaller teams which go bankrupt. 7. Stamford Bridge is the ground where Chelsea football Club play. 8. The Olympics started at a time when there was no TV.

Defining & Non-defining Relative Clauses

An optician is a person who tests your eyes. (defining ”identify”) I've just met Jack Briggs, who is a businessman. (non-defining ”give extra information”)

I went to see the doctor who a friend of mine had recommended to me. (defining ”identify”) I went to see the doctor, who told me to rest for a few days. (non-defining ”give extra information”)

DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSES (“identify”) "The woman who is wearing shorts is my wife“ "She's the best secretary that has ever worked here“ "The man she married had a red beard“ "The road we wanted to take was blocked"

NON-DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSES

NON-DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSES (“give additional information”) "Mr Jenkins, who has written several books, spoke at the meeting last night” "Their favourite drink was whisky, which is Britain's biggest export” "There were some sandwiches, which they ate quickly” "Laura Peters, whom I introduced to you last month, is a famous painter"

Non-defining relative clauses • Non-defining relative clauses give additional information about a sentence, but the sentence can still be complete without it. CHARACTERISTICS: 1. commas 2. “that” is never used 3. no omission

Defining or non-defining? My daughter who works in New York is getting married soon. My daughter, who works in New York, is getting married soon.

OMISSION OF THE RELATIVE PRONOUN

OMISSION OF THE RELATIVE PRONOUN (ONLY DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSES) That is the man who helped me MAIN CLAUSE SUBJECT VERB RELATIVE CLAUSE That is the man who I saw yesterday MAIN CLAUSE OBJECT SUBJECT VERB RELATIVE CLAUSE

OMISSION OF THE RELATIVE PRONOUN (ONLY DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSES) That is the man who I saw yesterday MAIN CLAUSE OBJECT SUBJECT VERB RELATIVE CLAUSE

OMISSION OF THE RELATIVE PRONOUN (ONLY DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSES) That is the man MAIN CLAUSE I saw yesterday SUBJECT VERB RELATIVE CLAUSE

OMISSION OF THE RELATIVE PRONOUN (ONLY DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSES) That is the man I saw yesterday

OMISSION OF THE RELATIVE PRONOUN (ONLY DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSES) That is the man who helped me MAIN CLAUSE SUBJECT VERB RELATIVE CLAUSE That is the man I saw yesterday MAIN CLAUSE SUBJECT VERB RELATIVE CLAUSE

examples The car which he bought last week cost him $10, 000 Freddy Mercury was a famous pop star who died of AIDS The flowers which you picked yesterday are beautiful The man who was sitting next to me is a famous writer

JOINING CLAUSES TOGETHER

Helen is the student. She pays the most attention

Helen is the student. She pays the most attention

Helen is the student. She pays the most attention Helen is the student She pays the most attention

Helen is the student. She pays the most attention Helen is the student who pays the most attention

You bought the moped. I really like it

You bought the moped. I really like it

You bought the moped. I really like it You bought the moped I really like it

You bought the moped. I really like it You bought the moped which I really like

I love the old house. I grew up there

I love the old house. I grew up there

I love the old house. I grew up there I love the old house I grew up there

I love the old house. I grew up there I love the old house there I grew up

I love the old house. I grew up there I love the old house where I grew up