RELATIVE CLAUSES Adjective Clauses Relative clauses are introduced
![RELATIVE CLAUSES (Adjective Clauses) �Relative clauses are introduced by relative pronouns – that, which, RELATIVE CLAUSES (Adjective Clauses) �Relative clauses are introduced by relative pronouns – that, which,](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/5d4c6155d9e1e2439d2eb908a7ca0383/image-1.jpg)
![Form and Functions Art �a Adj Head Noun difficult and perplexing problem Art Head Form and Functions Art �a Adj Head Noun difficult and perplexing problem Art Head](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/5d4c6155d9e1e2439d2eb908a7ca0383/image-2.jpg)
![Restrictive versus Non. Restrictive Relative Clauses • Restrictive My sister who lives in Canada Restrictive versus Non. Restrictive Relative Clauses • Restrictive My sister who lives in Canada](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/5d4c6155d9e1e2439d2eb908a7ca0383/image-3.jpg)
![Relative Pronouns �That for humans and inanimate things �Who and Whom for humans �Which Relative Pronouns �That for humans and inanimate things �Who and Whom for humans �Which](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/5d4c6155d9e1e2439d2eb908a7ca0383/image-4.jpg)
![Restrictive Relative Clauses 1. Subject (S) Relative Clauses The clause that is introduced by Restrictive Relative Clauses 1. Subject (S) Relative Clauses The clause that is introduced by](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/5d4c6155d9e1e2439d2eb908a7ca0383/image-5.jpg)
![Restrictive Relative Clauses 2. Object (O) Relative Clauses The clause that is introduced by Restrictive Relative Clauses 2. Object (O) Relative Clauses The clause that is introduced by](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/5d4c6155d9e1e2439d2eb908a7ca0383/image-6.jpg)
![Restrictive Relative Clauses 3. Indirect Object (IO) Relative Clauses Limited to to and for Restrictive Relative Clauses 3. Indirect Object (IO) Relative Clauses Limited to to and for](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/5d4c6155d9e1e2439d2eb908a7ca0383/image-7.jpg)
![Restrictive Relative Clauses 4. Object of the Preposition (OP) Relative Clauses �The mattress [which/that Restrictive Relative Clauses 4. Object of the Preposition (OP) Relative Clauses �The mattress [which/that](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/5d4c6155d9e1e2439d2eb908a7ca0383/image-8.jpg)
![4. Object of the Preposition (OP) Relative Clauses cont. When way or manner is 4. Object of the Preposition (OP) Relative Clauses cont. When way or manner is](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/5d4c6155d9e1e2439d2eb908a7ca0383/image-9.jpg)
![4. Object of the Preposition (OP) Relative Clauses cont. Most phrasal prepositional verbs don’t 4. Object of the Preposition (OP) Relative Clauses cont. Most phrasal prepositional verbs don’t](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/5d4c6155d9e1e2439d2eb908a7ca0383/image-10.jpg)
![Restrictive Relative Clauses 5. Possessive (POS) Relative Clauses a) POS Relative Clauses Introduced by Restrictive Relative Clauses 5. Possessive (POS) Relative Clauses a) POS Relative Clauses Introduced by](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/5d4c6155d9e1e2439d2eb908a7ca0383/image-11.jpg)
![5. Possessive (POS) Relative Clauses cont. b) POS Relative Clauses Introduced by of which: 5. Possessive (POS) Relative Clauses cont. b) POS Relative Clauses Introduced by of which:](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/5d4c6155d9e1e2439d2eb908a7ca0383/image-12.jpg)
![Restrictive Relative Clauses 6. Object of Comparison (OC) Relative Clauses Who, whom, that, or Restrictive Relative Clauses 6. Object of Comparison (OC) Relative Clauses Who, whom, that, or](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/5d4c6155d9e1e2439d2eb908a7ca0383/image-13.jpg)
![Additional Facts about RRC �What as a Relative Pronoun Do you see that truck Additional Facts about RRC �What as a Relative Pronoun Do you see that truck](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/5d4c6155d9e1e2439d2eb908a7ca0383/image-14.jpg)
![Extraposed �Extraposed RRC do not always appear directly after the head noun they modify. Extraposed �Extraposed RRC do not always appear directly after the head noun they modify.](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/5d4c6155d9e1e2439d2eb908a7ca0383/image-15.jpg)
![RRC that are separated from the NP by a single word (adverbs) �I saw RRC that are separated from the NP by a single word (adverbs) �I saw](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/5d4c6155d9e1e2439d2eb908a7ca0383/image-16.jpg)
![RRC separated by Main Verbs Something that I can’t really talk about happened. main RRC separated by Main Verbs Something that I can’t really talk about happened. main](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/5d4c6155d9e1e2439d2eb908a7ca0383/image-17.jpg)
![Restrictions of RRC �A relative clause can not be moved into a position in Restrictions of RRC �A relative clause can not be moved into a position in](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/5d4c6155d9e1e2439d2eb908a7ca0383/image-18.jpg)
![Stacking When two clauses are strung together it is called stacking. The people [who Stacking When two clauses are strung together it is called stacking. The people [who](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/5d4c6155d9e1e2439d2eb908a7ca0383/image-19.jpg)
![Omission of Nonsubject Relative Pronouns The omission of the Relative pronoun is possible in Omission of Nonsubject Relative Pronouns The omission of the Relative pronoun is possible in](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/5d4c6155d9e1e2439d2eb908a7ca0383/image-20.jpg)
![Object of Comparison Relative �In all types of clauses except S relative clauses, it Object of Comparison Relative �In all types of clauses except S relative clauses, it](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/5d4c6155d9e1e2439d2eb908a7ca0383/image-21.jpg)
![Possessive Objective relative Clauses (POS) �Which POS relatives with stranded prepositions can be reduced. Possessive Objective relative Clauses (POS) �Which POS relatives with stranded prepositions can be reduced.](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/5d4c6155d9e1e2439d2eb908a7ca0383/image-22.jpg)
![Reductions in Subject Relative Clauses �In S relative clauses, the relative pronoun and the Reductions in Subject Relative Clauses �In S relative clauses, the relative pronoun and the](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/5d4c6155d9e1e2439d2eb908a7ca0383/image-23.jpg)
![Reductions in Subject Relative Clauses �Adjective followed by a prepositional phrases: �Senators who are Reductions in Subject Relative Clauses �Adjective followed by a prepositional phrases: �Senators who are](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/5d4c6155d9e1e2439d2eb908a7ca0383/image-24.jpg)
![Activity �Describe what you think each doodle illustration, using the relative clause structure. �For Activity �Describe what you think each doodle illustration, using the relative clause structure. �For](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/5d4c6155d9e1e2439d2eb908a7ca0383/image-25.jpg)
![Doodles Every doodle must depict something that can be expressed in a reduced relative Doodles Every doodle must depict something that can be expressed in a reduced relative](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/5d4c6155d9e1e2439d2eb908a7ca0383/image-26.jpg)
![Other Types of Restrictive Relative Clauses Infinitival (INFIN) Relative Clauses Have undergone relative pronoun Other Types of Restrictive Relative Clauses Infinitival (INFIN) Relative Clauses Have undergone relative pronoun](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/5d4c6155d9e1e2439d2eb908a7ca0383/image-27.jpg)
![Adverbial (ADV) Relative Clauses Nouns that denote a place, a time, or a purpose Adverbial (ADV) Relative Clauses Nouns that denote a place, a time, or a purpose](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/5d4c6155d9e1e2439d2eb908a7ca0383/image-28.jpg)
![Free Relative Clauses Stand alone rather than following and modifying a head noun. a)Definite Free Relative Clauses Stand alone rather than following and modifying a head noun. a)Definite](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/5d4c6155d9e1e2439d2eb908a7ca0383/image-29.jpg)
![b) Indefinite Free Relatives introduced by who(m)ever, whichever, whatever, wherever, and whenever. �He eats b) Indefinite Free Relatives introduced by who(m)ever, whichever, whatever, wherever, and whenever. �He eats](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/5d4c6155d9e1e2439d2eb908a7ca0383/image-30.jpg)
![Nonrestrictive Relative Clauses video link HTTP: //WWW. YOUTUBE. CO M/WATCH? V=ZNXU 2 B 2 Nonrestrictive Relative Clauses video link HTTP: //WWW. YOUTUBE. CO M/WATCH? V=ZNXU 2 B 2](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/5d4c6155d9e1e2439d2eb908a7ca0383/image-31.jpg)
![Nonrestrictive Relative Clauses � Are clauses that merely add information about the nouns they Nonrestrictive Relative Clauses � Are clauses that merely add information about the nouns they](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/5d4c6155d9e1e2439d2eb908a7ca0383/image-32.jpg)
![�In speech they are set off by passes an falling intonation at the end �In speech they are set off by passes an falling intonation at the end](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/5d4c6155d9e1e2439d2eb908a7ca0383/image-33.jpg)
![Nonrestrictive RC cannot �Modify any, every, infinite pronouns such as anyone, everyone, or no Nonrestrictive RC cannot �Modify any, every, infinite pronouns such as anyone, everyone, or no](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/5d4c6155d9e1e2439d2eb908a7ca0383/image-34.jpg)
![Nonrestrictive RC cannot � be stacked because it results in ungrammatical sentences. �a) *They Nonrestrictive RC cannot � be stacked because it results in ungrammatical sentences. �a) *They](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/5d4c6155d9e1e2439d2eb908a7ca0383/image-35.jpg)
![Reduction is not possible in Relative Pronouns NRR Clauses �Deletion of the relative pronoun Reduction is not possible in Relative Pronouns NRR Clauses �Deletion of the relative pronoun](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/5d4c6155d9e1e2439d2eb908a7ca0383/image-36.jpg)
- Slides: 36
![RELATIVE CLAUSES Adjective Clauses Relative clauses are introduced by relative pronouns that which RELATIVE CLAUSES (Adjective Clauses) �Relative clauses are introduced by relative pronouns – that, which,](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/5d4c6155d9e1e2439d2eb908a7ca0383/image-1.jpg)
RELATIVE CLAUSES (Adjective Clauses) �Relative clauses are introduced by relative pronouns – that, which, whom, and whose. They have the same function as adjectives, and for this reason are sometimes called adjective clauses.
![Form and Functions Art a Adj Head Noun difficult and perplexing problem Art Head Form and Functions Art �a Adj Head Noun difficult and perplexing problem Art Head](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/5d4c6155d9e1e2439d2eb908a7ca0383/image-2.jpg)
Form and Functions Art �a Adj Head Noun difficult and perplexing problem Art Head Noun �a Adj Relative Clause problem [that is difficult and perplexing] Note: The noun phrase modified can be a subject, object, indirect object, or object of a preposition.
![Restrictive versus Non Restrictive Relative Clauses Restrictive My sister who lives in Canada Restrictive versus Non. Restrictive Relative Clauses • Restrictive My sister who lives in Canada](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/5d4c6155d9e1e2439d2eb908a7ca0383/image-3.jpg)
Restrictive versus Non. Restrictive Relative Clauses • Restrictive My sister who lives in Canada is a biologist. (Which of your sisters is a biologist? ) - identifies the noun it modifies • Non-restrictive My sister, who lives in Canada, is a biologist. (new information about the noun modified)
![Relative Pronouns That for humans and inanimate things Who and Whom for humans Which Relative Pronouns �That for humans and inanimate things �Who and Whom for humans �Which](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/5d4c6155d9e1e2439d2eb908a7ca0383/image-4.jpg)
Relative Pronouns �That for humans and inanimate things �Who and Whom for humans �Which for inanimate things �Whose Possessive form for humans and inanimate things
![Restrictive Relative Clauses 1 Subject S Relative Clauses The clause that is introduced by Restrictive Relative Clauses 1. Subject (S) Relative Clauses The clause that is introduced by](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/5d4c6155d9e1e2439d2eb908a7ca0383/image-5.jpg)
Restrictive Relative Clauses 1. Subject (S) Relative Clauses The clause that is introduced by who, that, or which replaces the subject of the clause �The guy [who/that hired Robert] was the manager of the company. �The tornado [that/which struck the town] destroyed several houses.
![Restrictive Relative Clauses 2 Object O Relative Clauses The clause that is introduced by Restrictive Relative Clauses 2. Object (O) Relative Clauses The clause that is introduced by](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/5d4c6155d9e1e2439d2eb908a7ca0383/image-6.jpg)
Restrictive Relative Clauses 2. Object (O) Relative Clauses The clause that is introduced by who, that, or which replaces the object of the clause �At the party, there were many people [whom/who/that he didn’t know]. �The car [which/that Ted bought] has a very powerful engine.
![Restrictive Relative Clauses 3 Indirect Object IO Relative Clauses Limited to to and for Restrictive Relative Clauses 3. Indirect Object (IO) Relative Clauses Limited to to and for](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/5d4c6155d9e1e2439d2eb908a7ca0383/image-7.jpg)
Restrictive Relative Clauses 3. Indirect Object (IO) Relative Clauses Limited to to and for Two patterns are possible: �The girl [who/that we gave the candy to] is Fred’s sister. (whom is seldom used) �The student [for whom Alice baked a cake] is my roommate. (no who and that)
![Restrictive Relative Clauses 4 Object of the Preposition OP Relative Clauses The mattress whichthat Restrictive Relative Clauses 4. Object of the Preposition (OP) Relative Clauses �The mattress [which/that](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/5d4c6155d9e1e2439d2eb908a7ca0383/image-8.jpg)
Restrictive Relative Clauses 4. Object of the Preposition (OP) Relative Clauses �The mattress [which/that he slept on] had several broken springs. �The people [who/that he aimed his weapon at] were very frightened. �The mattress [on which he slept] had several broken springs. (written English) �The people [at whom he aimed his weapon] were very frightened. (written English)
![4 Object of the Preposition OP Relative Clauses cont When way or manner is 4. Object of the Preposition (OP) Relative Clauses cont. When way or manner is](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/5d4c6155d9e1e2439d2eb908a7ca0383/image-9.jpg)
4. Object of the Preposition (OP) Relative Clauses cont. When way or manner is the object of the preposition in, the preposition must be moved. �The manner in which he spoke was shocking. �*The manner which he spoke in was shocking.
![4 Object of the Preposition OP Relative Clauses cont Most phrasal prepositional verbs dont 4. Object of the Preposition (OP) Relative Clauses cont. Most phrasal prepositional verbs don’t](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/5d4c6155d9e1e2439d2eb908a7ca0383/image-10.jpg)
4. Object of the Preposition (OP) Relative Clauses cont. Most phrasal prepositional verbs don’t permit the elements following the verb to be moved: �Rudeness is an issue which we will not put up with. �* Rudeness is an issue up with which we will not put.
![Restrictive Relative Clauses 5 Possessive POS Relative Clauses a POS Relative Clauses Introduced by Restrictive Relative Clauses 5. Possessive (POS) Relative Clauses a) POS Relative Clauses Introduced by](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/5d4c6155d9e1e2439d2eb908a7ca0383/image-11.jpg)
Restrictive Relative Clauses 5. Possessive (POS) Relative Clauses a) POS Relative Clauses Introduced by whose: �Last week I met a girl whose brother works in your company. �The author several of whose books Peter reviewed won a Nobel Prize.
![5 Possessive POS Relative Clauses cont b POS Relative Clauses Introduced by of which 5. Possessive (POS) Relative Clauses cont. b) POS Relative Clauses Introduced by of which:](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/5d4c6155d9e1e2439d2eb908a7ca0383/image-12.jpg)
5. Possessive (POS) Relative Clauses cont. b) POS Relative Clauses Introduced by of which: �The reports which the government prescribes the size of are boring. �The reports of which the government prescribes the size are boring. �The reports the size of which the government prescribes are boring.
![Restrictive Relative Clauses 6 Object of Comparison OC Relative Clauses Who whom that or Restrictive Relative Clauses 6. Object of Comparison (OC) Relative Clauses Who, whom, that, or](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/5d4c6155d9e1e2439d2eb908a7ca0383/image-13.jpg)
Restrictive Relative Clauses 6. Object of Comparison (OC) Relative Clauses Who, whom, that, or which replaces an NP following the comparative conjunction than �The girl who/whom/that Suzan was faster than won the 100 meter dash.
![Additional Facts about RRC What as a Relative Pronoun Do you see that truck Additional Facts about RRC �What as a Relative Pronoun Do you see that truck](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/5d4c6155d9e1e2439d2eb908a7ca0383/image-14.jpg)
Additional Facts about RRC �What as a Relative Pronoun Do you see that truck what just went by? -Non-Standard English -More common in British English �Resumptive Pronouns * Usually they give you a thing…, you know , a thing that you don’t want it.
![Extraposed Extraposed RRC do not always appear directly after the head noun they modify Extraposed �Extraposed RRC do not always appear directly after the head noun they modify.](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/5d4c6155d9e1e2439d2eb908a7ca0383/image-15.jpg)
Extraposed �Extraposed RRC do not always appear directly after the head noun they modify. They are moved away from the head noun. �A man who has red hair just came in. �A man just came in who has red hair.
![RRC that are separated from the NP by a single word adverbs I saw RRC that are separated from the NP by a single word (adverbs) �I saw](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/5d4c6155d9e1e2439d2eb908a7ca0383/image-16.jpg)
RRC that are separated from the NP by a single word (adverbs) �I saw someone who I hadn't seen for years yesterday. adverb �I saw someone yesterday who I hadn't seen for years.
![RRC separated by Main Verbs Something that I cant really talk about happened main RRC separated by Main Verbs Something that I can’t really talk about happened. main](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/5d4c6155d9e1e2439d2eb908a7ca0383/image-17.jpg)
RRC separated by Main Verbs Something that I can’t really talk about happened. main verb �Something happened that I can't really talked about.
![Restrictions of RRC A relative clause can not be moved into a position in Restrictions of RRC �A relative clause can not be moved into a position in](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/5d4c6155d9e1e2439d2eb908a7ca0383/image-18.jpg)
Restrictions of RRC �A relative clause can not be moved into a position in which it originated, that is, another noun because it changes the meaning of the sentence. �A pole that must have been nine feet tall fell on a workman. �A pole fell on a workman that must have been nine feet tall.
![Stacking When two clauses are strung together it is called stacking The people who Stacking When two clauses are strung together it is called stacking. The people [who](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/5d4c6155d9e1e2439d2eb908a7ca0383/image-19.jpg)
Stacking When two clauses are strung together it is called stacking. The people [who take the course] [ who Dana likes] usually come from local high schools. (writing) The book [that I like] [which everyone else in class hates] was written by Joan Didion. (conversation)
![Omission of Nonsubject Relative Pronouns The omission of the Relative pronoun is possible in Omission of Nonsubject Relative Pronouns The omission of the Relative pronoun is possible in](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/5d4c6155d9e1e2439d2eb908a7ca0383/image-20.jpg)
Omission of Nonsubject Relative Pronouns The omission of the Relative pronoun is possible in any Object relative except S RC. object �We just met that woman [who/whom/that Alan likes so much]. subject �*We just met that woman [that/who likes Alan].
![Object of Comparison Relative In all types of clauses except S relative clauses it Object of Comparison Relative �In all types of clauses except S relative clauses, it](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/5d4c6155d9e1e2439d2eb908a7ca0383/image-21.jpg)
Object of Comparison Relative �In all types of clauses except S relative clauses, it is possible to delete the relative pronoun, with the relative clause thus beginning with the subject NP or “Zero R pronoun). sports car which/that the Alpha Romeo was faster than won the Le Mans 24 -hour race. �The
![Possessive Objective relative Clauses POS Which POS relatives with stranded prepositions can be reduced Possessive Objective relative Clauses (POS) �Which POS relatives with stranded prepositions can be reduced.](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/5d4c6155d9e1e2439d2eb908a7ca0383/image-22.jpg)
Possessive Objective relative Clauses (POS) �Which POS relatives with stranded prepositions can be reduced. �The reports which the government prescribes the size of are boring. Whose POS relatives with stranded prepositions cannot be reduced. �Last week I met a girl whose brother works in your law firm. �*Last week I met a girl brother works in your law firm.
![Reductions in Subject Relative Clauses In S relative clauses the relative pronoun and the Reductions in Subject Relative Clauses �In S relative clauses, the relative pronoun and the](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/5d4c6155d9e1e2439d2eb908a7ca0383/image-23.jpg)
Reductions in Subject Relative Clauses �In S relative clauses, the relative pronoun and the form of be may be deleted, when they are followed by: �Present participle: That man who is standing over there knows the Prime Minister. �The man standing over there knows the Prime Minister. �Past participle in a passive sentence: The bills that were passed by the House yesterday died in the Senate.
![Reductions in Subject Relative Clauses Adjective followed by a prepositional phrases Senators who are Reductions in Subject Relative Clauses �Adjective followed by a prepositional phrases: �Senators who are](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/5d4c6155d9e1e2439d2eb908a7ca0383/image-24.jpg)
Reductions in Subject Relative Clauses �Adjective followed by a prepositional phrases: �Senators who are familiar with details of the proposal believe that it has a good chance passing. �Senators familiar with details of the proposal believe that it has a good chance of passing. �Past participial adjective: �He is considered to be a prophet who is descended from heaven. �He is considered to be a prophet descended from heaven.
![Activity Describe what you think each doodle illustration using the relative clause structure For Activity �Describe what you think each doodle illustration, using the relative clause structure. �For](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/5d4c6155d9e1e2439d2eb908a7ca0383/image-25.jpg)
Activity �Describe what you think each doodle illustration, using the relative clause structure. �For example: This first picture looks like a mother pyramid feeding its baby, but if you look closely you can see that it could also be a ship arriving too late to save a drowning witch. �Every doodle must depict something that can be expressed in a reduced relative clause structure.
![Doodles Every doodle must depict something that can be expressed in a reduced relative Doodles Every doodle must depict something that can be expressed in a reduced relative](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/5d4c6155d9e1e2439d2eb908a7ca0383/image-26.jpg)
Doodles Every doodle must depict something that can be expressed in a reduced relative clause structure.
![Other Types of Restrictive Relative Clauses Infinitival INFIN Relative Clauses Have undergone relative pronoun Other Types of Restrictive Relative Clauses Infinitival (INFIN) Relative Clauses Have undergone relative pronoun](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/5d4c6155d9e1e2439d2eb908a7ca0383/image-27.jpg)
Other Types of Restrictive Relative Clauses Infinitival (INFIN) Relative Clauses Have undergone relative pronoun deletion �Here is a chair to sit on. (Here is a chair on which to sit) *Here is a chair which to sit on. �John is not the correct person to confide in. (John is not the right person in whom to confide. )
![Adverbial ADV Relative Clauses Nouns that denote a place a time or a purpose Adverbial (ADV) Relative Clauses Nouns that denote a place, a time, or a purpose](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/5d4c6155d9e1e2439d2eb908a7ca0383/image-28.jpg)
Adverbial (ADV) Relative Clauses Nouns that denote a place, a time, or a purpose may be followed by OP Relative Clauses �That’s the gas station at which I’m working now. �How well I remember the day on which he was born. �I have forgotten the reasons for which the trust fund was established.
![Free Relative Clauses Stand alone rather than following and modifying a head noun aDefinite Free Relative Clauses Stand alone rather than following and modifying a head noun. a)Definite](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/5d4c6155d9e1e2439d2eb908a7ca0383/image-29.jpg)
Free Relative Clauses Stand alone rather than following and modifying a head noun. a)Definite Free Relatives are introduced by what, where, and when. He eats what he orders. � Alice goes where she wants to go. � They applauded when he stopped playing. �
![b Indefinite Free Relatives introduced by whomever whichever whatever wherever and whenever He eats b) Indefinite Free Relatives introduced by who(m)ever, whichever, whatever, wherever, and whenever. �He eats](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/5d4c6155d9e1e2439d2eb908a7ca0383/image-30.jpg)
b) Indefinite Free Relatives introduced by who(m)ever, whichever, whatever, wherever, and whenever. �He eats whatever she offers him. �Joan dances with whoever asks her to dance.
![Nonrestrictive Relative Clauses video link HTTP WWW YOUTUBE CO MWATCH VZNXU 2 B 2 Nonrestrictive Relative Clauses video link HTTP: //WWW. YOUTUBE. CO M/WATCH? V=ZNXU 2 B 2](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/5d4c6155d9e1e2439d2eb908a7ca0383/image-31.jpg)
Nonrestrictive Relative Clauses video link HTTP: //WWW. YOUTUBE. CO M/WATCH? V=ZNXU 2 B 2 J 94 U FEATURE=YOUTUBE_GDAT A_PLAYER
![Nonrestrictive Relative Clauses Are clauses that merely add information about the nouns they Nonrestrictive Relative Clauses � Are clauses that merely add information about the nouns they](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/5d4c6155d9e1e2439d2eb908a7ca0383/image-32.jpg)
Nonrestrictive Relative Clauses � Are clauses that merely add information about the nouns they modify. � In writing they are set off by punctuation: When a nonrestrictive clause appears in the middle of a sentence, place commas around it. When a nonrestrictive clause appears at the end of a sentence, place a comma before it and a period after it. Do not punctuate restrictive clauses! � The credit card is in my wallet, which you can find in the kitchen drawer. � The store honored the complaints, which were less than 60 days old.
![In speech they are set off by passes an falling intonation at the end �In speech they are set off by passes an falling intonation at the end](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/5d4c6155d9e1e2439d2eb908a7ca0383/image-33.jpg)
�In speech they are set off by passes an falling intonation at the end of the clause. Modification of proper nouns �a) John, who is a linguist, was not impressed by Professor Rosas' argument. �b)* John who is a linguist was not impressed by professor Rosas' argument.
![Nonrestrictive RC cannot Modify any every infinite pronouns such as anyone everyone or no Nonrestrictive RC cannot �Modify any, every, infinite pronouns such as anyone, everyone, or no](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/5d4c6155d9e1e2439d2eb908a7ca0383/image-34.jpg)
Nonrestrictive RC cannot �Modify any, every, infinite pronouns such as anyone, everyone, or no one. �a) *Any man, who goes back on his word, is no friend of mine. �b) Any man who goes back on his word is no friend of mine. �Cannot be introduced by that. �a) *The plan, that we discussed yesterday, will be adopted. �b) the plan that we discussed yesterday will be adopted.
![Nonrestrictive RC cannot be stacked because it results in ungrammatical sentences a They Nonrestrictive RC cannot � be stacked because it results in ungrammatical sentences. �a) *They](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/5d4c6155d9e1e2439d2eb908a7ca0383/image-35.jpg)
Nonrestrictive RC cannot � be stacked because it results in ungrammatical sentences. �a) *They gave the job to Rob, who is qualified, who starts next month. �b) I really like that car that you have that your wife is always zipping around town in.
![Reduction is not possible in Relative Pronouns NRR Clauses Deletion of the relative pronoun Reduction is not possible in Relative Pronouns NRR Clauses �Deletion of the relative pronoun](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/5d4c6155d9e1e2439d2eb908a7ca0383/image-36.jpg)
Reduction is not possible in Relative Pronouns NRR Clauses �Deletion of the relative pronoun results in an ungrammatical sentence. �a)The thief, who(m) they finally managed to apprehend, was so frightened that he could hardly speak. �b)*The thief, they finally managed to apprehend, was so frightened that he could hardly speak.
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