RELATIONSHIPS Abstinence CHOOSING ABSTINENCE What is intimacy Closeness

RELATIONSHIPS Abstinence

CHOOSING ABSTINENCE • What is intimacy? – Closeness between 2 people that develops over time

CHOOSING ABSTINENCE • What is infatuation? – Exaggerated feelings of passion

CHOOSING ABSTINENCE • What is abstinence? – A deliberate decision to avoid high- risk behaviors, including sexual activity and the use of tobacco, alcohol and other drugs

CHOOSING ABSTINENCE • Self–Control – The ability to use responsibility to override emotions

CHOOSING ABSTINENCE • Tips to help maintain self–control: – Set limits for expressing affection – Communicate with your partner – Talk with a trusted adult – Seek low-pressure dating situations – Date someone who respects and shares your values – Avoid risk situations including where alcohol and drugs are present or where you are alone

CHOOSING ABSTINENCE • How do you stay committed to abstinence? – Remind yourself of the reasons you chose abstinence – Communicate your values and decisions to your dating partner – Practice refusal skills – Realize you can recommit to abstinence

Sexual Activity and Its Effects On Your Triangle Mental/Emotional Consequences M/E * * Hurt Guilt Loss of Self Respect Regret and Anxiety

Sexual Activity and Its Effects On Your Triangle Social Consequences * Negative effect on relationships with family and friends S

Sexual Activity and Its Effects On Your Triangle Physical Consequences * Unplanned pregnancy * STI’s or STD’s P

Sexually Transmitted Infections • STI’s – a communicable disease that can spread from person to person through sexual contact • Types – Bacterial – Viral – Parasitic

STD Fact/Myth

Examples of STD’s / STI’s Genital Herpes (virus) Chlamydia (bacteria) Genital Herpes (virus) Gonorrhea (bacteria) Syphilis (virus) HIV/AIDS (virus) Pubic Lice (Live parasite/organism)

Prevention of STD’s / STI’s • Practice abstinence • Avoid: • • Using alcohol or other drugs Being sexually active with more than one partner Engaging in unprotected sex Engaging in sexual activity with high risk partners • • Multiple partners IV drug users

ONLY A PROFESSIONAL CAN ACCURATELY DIAGNOSE AND TREAT STD’S / STI’S

HIV/AIDS So, What do we know?

How small is HIV Magic Johnson Part 2 (8: 20 -14: 45) Magic Johnson Part 3 (0 -5: 30) Magic Johnson Part 5 (10: 20 -10: 54) Part 6 (3: 00 -3: 50)

HIV / AIDS HIV (Human immunodeficiency virus) – a virus that attacks the immune system AIDS (Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome)- a disease in which the immune system is weakened

HIV/AIDS

HIV Passed from one person to another through the exchange of bodily fluids. Blood Semen Vaginal fluid Breast milk

HIV / AIDS HIV is transmitted: 1. During sexual intercourse – HIV enters the bloodstream through microscopic openings in the tissues of the vagina, anus, mouth and penis 2. By sharing needles used for body piercings with unclean instruments, tattoos with unclean needles and sharing IV drugs

HIV /AIDS 3. From mother to baby through the umbilical cord, during childbirth and through breastfeeding

How Does HIV Affect the Immune System? HIV attacks the body’s immune system by destroying lymphocytes (specialized white blood cells) 2 Types of lymphocytes: - T cells - B cells

What are The Stages of HIV? 1. Asymptomatic Stage – Shows no outward signs of infection (virus in lymph nodes) 2. Middle Stage – Can include fever, headache, sore throat, rash, diarrhea, and enlarged lymph nodes (does not occur in all patients) 3. Symptomatic Stage – Helper T cells fall to 200 – 400 per ml of blood (600 -1200 normal) 4. AIDS Stage – Helper T cells fall below 200; 1 or more opportunistic infections

HIV/AIDS

Diagnosing HIV/AIDS • 1 st Test – EIA Test – screens for presence of HIV anti-bodies in the blood – Positive= antibodies present - Test is repeated - If 2 nd result positive they will run…

Diagnosing HIV/AIDS • 2 nd Test – Western Blot – blood test – Detects HIV antibodies/ confirms EIA – If these results plus 2 positive results from EIA are positive, person is diagnosed as having HIV

Diagnosing HIV/AIDS • Rapid test – – Done in 20 minutes – Used in situations where someone who might be infected may not return for results – Results fairly accurate – If positive, western Blot used to confirm – Who would not return for results? Why do you think?

HIV Symptoms Within the first few weeks: When first infected with HIV, you may have no signs or symptoms at all, although you're still able to transmit the virus to others. Many people develop a brief flu-like illness two to four weeks after becoming infected. Signs and symptoms may include: ■Fever ■Headache ■Sore throat ■Swollen lymph glands ■Rash

HIV Symptoms Years later… You may remain symptom-free for years. But as the virus continues to multiply and destroy immune cells, you may develop mild infections or chronic symptoms such as: ■Swollen lymph nodes — often one of the first signs of HIV infection ■Diarrhea ■Weight loss ■Fever ■Cough and shortness of breath

HIV to AIDS If you receive no treatment for your HIV infection, the disease typically progresses to AIDS in about 10 years. By the time AIDS develops, your immune system has been severely damaged, making you susceptible to opportunistic infections — diseases that wouldn't trouble a person with a healthy immune system. The signs and symptoms of some of these infections may include: ■Soaking night sweats ■Shaking chills or fever higher than 100 F for several weeks ■Cough and shortness of breath ■Chronic diarrhea ■Persistent white spots or unusual lesions on your tongue or in your mouth ■Headaches ■Persistent, unexplained fatigue ■Weight loss ■Skin rashes or bumps

AIDS What is AIDS? Acquired – means that the disease is not hereditary but develops after birth from contact with a disease-causing agent (in this case, HIV). Immunodeficiency – means that the disease is characterized by a weakening of the immune system. Syndrome – refers to a group of symptoms that indicate or characterize a disease. In the case of AIDS, this can include the development of certain infections and/or cancers, as well as a decrease in the number of certain specific blood cells, called CD 4+ T cells, which are crucial to helping the body fight disease.

AIDS A normal CD 4 count is from 500 to 1, 500 Public health guidelines recommend starting on preventive antiretroviral therapy if CD 4 counts are under 200 per microliter, whether or not you have symptoms. This is a later stage of HIV infection called AIDS

HIV

HIV/AIDS – Worldwide 34 million people living with HIV/AIDS 3. 4 million children under the age of 15

How Can I Prevent Contracting HIV? • Practice abstinence • Do not share needles • Avoid situations where drugs and alcohol use might compromise your decision making • Use refusal skills when you feel pressured to engage in risky behaviors

Refusal Skills Remember: – Say “No” in a firm voice – Explain why by stating your feelings – Offer alternatives – Stand your ground – Leave if necessary