Rejecting Liberalism 1 Go through Communism Reading from

Rejecting Liberalism 1) Go through Communism Reading from Class 2) Go through definitions

Communism Socialsim Marxism or Scientific Socialism Utopian Socialism Democratic socialism Collectivization Stalism Liberalism Leninism NEP

The following slides • The following slides go through the information we highlighted in class.

Marx’s Communism • Proletariat revolt • It is a classless society in which all people share in the production of goods and no gov’t is needed • Well being of the individuals is primarily the responsibility of the government rather than of the individuals themselves. • Communism promotes a revolutionary change rather than gradual change

Russia and their Government • 1881 Czar assassinated (some classical lib. Before influenced by aristocracy) • Czar Alexander III (unintelligent guy that responded even stricter and caused Russia to go backwards) • 1905 Russia defeated in a war by Japan (very bad for a European country to lose to Asia) • Russian revolution 1905 (Bloody Sunday)

Russian Revolution • Resulted in reforms like (Duma, democratic government) • Czar didn’t want to give any real power to the Duma • 1914 World War I • Allowed Russian revolution to take place in 1917 • Lenin’s government takes over and plans to follow Marx’s ideas

Lenin (red) vs White Army • White army were opposed to communism and wanted to reform Russia differently. • White Army received help from other European countries.

Russian Revolution • Pg. 165 in 30 -2 textbook • Russia unlikely place for Marx Revolution since it is unindustrialized • Russian people did not have basic rights like other more liberal countries like Britain or the United States had. • There was a gap between the rich and the poor • Socialist believers like Lenin, Trotsky and others went into hiding

Russian Revolution • Bloody Sunday caused the Czar to agree to allow an assembly of the people’s representatives • Even started the process for political parties, basic civil rights and some individual freedoms • 1917 Czar Nicholas is forced to abdicate • Bolsheviks a communist group lead by Lenin promised “Peace! Land! Bread!”

Leninism • Lenin’s way of practicing Marxist ideas • Believed that revolution and violence was an acceptable means of accomplishing an ideal society • BUT HE BELIEVED YOU NEEDED A COMMUNIST GOVERNMENT • 1918 not everyone agreed with Lenin and a civil war erupted (Bolshevik Red Army vs the Anti. Bolshevik White Army supported by other countries whose leaders disproved of the communism)

Positives of Lenin’s Reign • Land was redistributed to the people • Factories were given to the workers so that they could make decisions about wages and working conditions • Men and women were considered equal and valuable contributors to society • Art and music flourished as there were no longer restrictions on what one could create • NEP which gave even more economic freedom to the people

Day 2 of communism

Terms

Authoritarianism • A form of government with authority vested in an elite group that may or may not rule in the interests of the people. Authoritarian political systems take many forms, including oligarchies, military dictatorships, ideological one-party states and monarchies. • Oligarchies-a form of government in which political power rests with a small elite segment of society. An oligarchy often consists of politically powerful families who pass on their influence to their children. (ex. North Korea, Cuba, USSR)

Totalitarianism • Varies in practice but as a government system it seeks complete control over the public and private lives of its citizens.

Totalitarian Regimes • Rejected liberalism and believed that society was in a need of complete transformation. • Radical (left) the change desired is a move left to create a classless society with state (public) ownership of property and complete rejection of the political and economic traditions of the past. • Reactionary (right) change desired is a move toward an idealized past and an acceptance of economic inequality.

Totalitarianism 1) Extensive local regional and national organizations 2) Youth, professional cultural, and athletic groups 3) A secret police using terror 4) Indoctrination through education 5) Censorship of the media 6) Redirecting popular discontent (using scapegoats)

Stalinism • Lenin did not want Stalin to be the next ruler • Struggle between Stalin and Trotsky • Stalinism was based around Stalin’s will to maintain absolute power

Policies of Stalin • The creation of the Gulag (prison camp) system to contain those who opposed his views • The use of secret police (the NKVD) to control people through terror and force • The purges of 1936 and 1939 during which he eliminated his opponents within the Communist Party and the Soviet armed forces • The rewriting of history by altering the Soviet archives and prescribing a state view of the history of the country • The collectivization of all farms, through which private farms were taken by force and used to create a collective farming system

Stalinism • Transformed the USSR into a dictatorship and at the same time into one of the most industrialized and powerful forces in the world

Using this link • Create a spectrum for the Russian Revolution Place the following on the Spectrum 1) Lenin 2) The red army 3) Stalin 4) The NEP 5) The white army