Regions of the Brain Cerebral hemispheres Diencephalon Cerebellum

ﺭﻭﻧﺪ ﺗکﺎﻣﻞ ﻭ ﺗﻘﺴیﻢ ﺑﻨﺪی ﺳیﺴﺘﻢ ﻋﺼﺒی Regions of the Brain · Cerebral hemispheres · Diencephalon · Cerebellum · Brain stem

ﺑﺮﺭﺳی ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎﺭ ﺳﺎﻗﻪ ﻣﻐﺰ The basic components of the CNS include the: Cerebrum Diencephalon Cerebellum Brain stem Spinal cord 2

ﺑﺮﺭﺳی ﻋﻤﻠکﺮﺩ ﺳﺎﻗﻪ ﻣﻐﺰ Functions • Cranial nerve nuclei: sensory, motor, autonomic functions in head and neck • Reticular formation: consciousness • Long fiber tracts

ﺑﺮﺭﺳی ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎﺭ ﻣﻐﺰ ﻣیﺎﻧی Midbrain · Mostly composed of tracts of nerve fibers · Reflex centers for vision and hearing · Cerebral aqueduct · Substantioa nigra

Cranial Nerves

III 1 V 2 3 VI VIII IX 4 5 XI XII

1 2 IV 3 4 5 7 8 6 9 10

Cranial Nerve 1: Olfactory Nerve Anosmia • Patients complain of loss of taste. • Head injury is a common cause.

Cranial Nerve II: Optic Nerve

Cranial Nerves III, IV, VI: Oculomotor, Trochlear, Abducens Oculomotor • Nucleus in midbrain • Innervates 4 extraocular muscles and functions in most eye movements • Contains parasympathetic which innervates pupillary constrictor muscles Trochlear • Nucleus in midbrain • Nerve exits dorsal surface • Moves eye Abducens • Nucleus in pons • Moves eye

Cranial Nerve V: Trigeminal Nerve • • Trigeminal ganglion Ophthalmic, maxillary and mandibular divisions • • • Sensory: Touch, pain, temp, proprioception for face, mouth, anterior 2/3 of tongue, nasal sinuses. Motor: Muscles of chewing

Cranial Nerve VII: Facial Nerve • Motor function: muscles of facial expression. • Parasympathetic function: innervation of lacrimal glands and some salivary gland. • Visceral sensory function: taste from anterior 2/3 of tongue

Vestibular and Cochlear Sensory Organs

Cranial Nerve IX: Glossopharyngeal Nerve • Motor function: stylopharyngeus muscle which elevates pharynx during talking and swallowing and participates in gag reflex. • Parasympathetic function: innervation of parotid salivary gland. • Visceral sensory function: taste from posterior 1/3 of tongue

Cranial Nerve X: Vagus Nerve • Motor function: pharyngeal muscles (swallowing) & laryngeal muscles (vocalization) • Parasympathetic function: innervation of heart, lungs, most if digestive tract. • Somatic sensation function: sensation from pharynx, meninges, external auditory meatus.

Cranial Nerve XI: Spinal Accessory Nerve Motor : sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles

Cranial Nerve XII: Hypoglossal Nerve Motor function: intrinsic and extrinsic tongue muscles.