Regional North American Cultures Iroquois Iroquois Confederacy Five

Regional North American Cultures: Iroquois • • Iroquois Confederacy = Five Nations (Six Nations) – Mohawks, Oneidas, Onodagas, Cayugas, Senecas, (Tuscaroras 1722) • Uniting Factors – Strong military confederacy – Related language • Mixed Economy – Hunting, fishing, farming • Cultural Beliefs – – Family descent traced through the mother – Women headed family groups and helped choose men who served on tribal councils – Religion Great Spirit represented peace and justice and constantly struggled against the Evil Spirit who represented war and wrongdoing

Regional North American Cultures: Pueblo • • Hohokam and Anasazi developed established communities thousands of years before Europeans arrived • Europeans referred to them as “Pueblos” – Latin root of populus (people) = town – (Today there are 21 federally recognized pueblos) • Civilization? • Elaborate irrigation systems • Multi-storied and terraced dwellings

Recreated Kiva exterior & interior

Regional North American Cultures: Mound Builders • • Architecture – World’s largest earthen work • Cahokia, a city of perhaps 40, 000 – Largest city north of Mexico • Iron tools, woven fabrics • Trading network from Rockies to Appalachians, Great Lakes to Gulf of Mexico

Grave Creek Mound

Miamisburg Mound

The Great Serpent Mound

Monk’s Mound

Cahokia Mounds State Historic Site, Illinois http: //www. cahokiamounds. org/explore/