Regional Leverage for Least Developed Countries Reshaping the

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Regional Leverage for Least Developed Countries: Reshaping the International Intellectual Property Rights Agenda Ivan

Regional Leverage for Least Developed Countries: Reshaping the International Intellectual Property Rights Agenda Ivan (Ko-Cheng) Wu University of British Columbia Taiwan (ROC), Canada

Where I’m calling from… My research & travel background

Where I’m calling from… My research & travel background

The state of IPR • Private interest vs. Public good • Tech. protection vs.

The state of IPR • Private interest vs. Public good • Tech. protection vs. Tech. diffusion

The Technology Gap Rapid increases in tech achievement across all countries…

The Technology Gap Rapid increases in tech achievement across all countries…

What matters more than quantity Technology Diffusion (Acquisition) Technology Internalization (Learning) Influencing Factors Market

What matters more than quantity Technology Diffusion (Acquisition) Technology Internalization (Learning) Influencing Factors Market Size & Potential Infrastructure Governance & Proactive Policy

Internalizing Technology Culture-specific uses of technology

Internalizing Technology Culture-specific uses of technology

Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property (TRIPS) • Establishes minimal level of IP protection •

Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property (TRIPS) • Establishes minimal level of IP protection • Initiated by US private interests (1994) • Measures to promote ‘the public interest’ • Article 7 (‘Objectives’) • Article 8 (‘Principles’)

Hegemonic Pressure & Coercion • USTR: Special 301 Report • identifies foreign offenders that

Hegemonic Pressure & Coercion • USTR: Special 301 Report • identifies foreign offenders that deny adequate IPR protection • Strong US industry lobby • Compliance with TRIPs does not preclude a country from being identified

Special 301 Report (2009) • Priority Watch List • Section 306 Monitoring

Special 301 Report (2009) • Priority Watch List • Section 306 Monitoring

Goals for Developing Countries • Political leverage • Economic leverage • Incentivizing Government Policies

Goals for Developing Countries • Political leverage • Economic leverage • Incentivizing Government Policies • Developing the local learning infrastructure

Trade & Intellectual Property • Trade-IPR linkage • MNCs shaped the post. TRIPs system

Trade & Intellectual Property • Trade-IPR linkage • MNCs shaped the post. TRIPs system in favor of private interest • Is the reverse also possible?

Envisioning a Regional IPR Regime • Regional Trade Regional IPR policy • Potential of

Envisioning a Regional IPR Regime • Regional Trade Regional IPR policy • Potential of FTAs & customs unions • Benefits of a regional IPR regime

Case for strong regional IPR protection Strong or weak protection?

Case for strong regional IPR protection Strong or weak protection?

Experimenting Regionally • Expanding existing free trade agreements & customs unions to include IPR

Experimenting Regionally • Expanding existing free trade agreements & customs unions to include IPR policy • Strong protection on priority industries and silence on others

Essential public goods • Stifling innovation or saving lives? • South Africa: importance of

Essential public goods • Stifling innovation or saving lives? • South Africa: importance of proactive policy • ‘US beats tactical retreat’

What to take away • learning capacity > quantity or rate of technology transferred

What to take away • learning capacity > quantity or rate of technology transferred • Reshape the system, before the system shapes you

Thank you for your time

Thank you for your time

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