Regional Gliding School Problems With The Fuel System
Regional Gliding School
Problems With The Fuel System Detonation: n Very rapid and violent burning of the fuel in the cylinder. n Causes overheating and damage to the metal of the engine. n Signs: – rapid rise in cylinder pressure, and – rapid increase in cylinder head temperature. Regional Gliding School
Problems With The Fuel System n n Causes: – incorrect fuel, – overheating (lack of airflow), and – the setting a mixture that is too lean. Can be solved temporarily by making the mixture richer and permanently by using fuel of the octane rating specified by the engine manufacturer. Regional Gliding School
Problems With The Fuel System Pre-Ignition: n n Premature burning of fuel mixture due to glowing carbon particles or “local hotspots”. Often confused with detonation. Experienced when attempting to start a hot engine and usually results in a backfire. Can do severe damage including warped pistons, and cracked cylinder heads. Regional Gliding School
Problems With The Fuel System Vapour Lock: Occurs in the fuel line. n Caused by high atmospheric temperatures, causing the fuel to vaporize and block the flow of liquid fuel in the line. n Regional Gliding School
Ignition System The function of the ignition system is to supply a spark to ignite the fuel/air mixture in the cylinders. n It consists of: n ¬ two magnetos, two spark plugs per cylinder, ® ignition leads, and ¯ a magneto switch. Regional Gliding School
The Magneto 1. 2. 3. If a coil of wire is rotated in a magnetic field, current will be induced in the coil. This experiment demonstrates the inseparability of magnetism and electricity. While the design of the magneto is slightly different from that discussed above, the principle is the same. Regional Gliding School
The Magneto J Serves three functions: Ê generates a low tension current, Ë transforms this to a high tension, and Ì distributes the current to the individual spark plugs at the exact time it is desired to have them fire. Regional Gliding School
Confirmation Stage NOTE: You must use the buttons in the Confirmation Stage
Aero Engines Fuel problems, Ignition, and Basic Electrical System Let's try a few review questions on Aero Engines: Question #1 - Regional Gliding School What does the magneto do? A Generates a low tension current B Prevents overheating C Connects distributor to spark plug D None of the above
Flying Scholarship Program I’m afraid that answer is incorrect Let's try again. . . Regional Gliding School
Flying Scholarship Program I’m afraid that answer is incorrect Let's try again. . . Regional Gliding School
Flying Scholarship Program I’m afraid that answer is incorrect Let's try again. . . Regional Gliding School
Flying Scholarship Program That answer is correct. Let's move on. . . Regional Gliding School
Aero Engines Fuel problems, Ignition, and Basic Electrical System Let's try a few review questions on Aero Engines: Question #2 - Regional Gliding School Name a cause of detonation? A Too rich a mixture B Too lean a mixture C Incorrect oil D Both A and B
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Dual Ignition ñ ñ ñ Modern aero engines are fitted with two spark plugs per cylinder and two magnetos. One magneto fires one of the spark plugs for each cylinder, while the second magneto fires the second spark plug for each cylinder. Purpose is two fold: 1 safety: if one system fails, the engine will still operate, and 2 performance: improves combustion Regional Gliding School
Magneto Switch The magneto switch has four settings: À left, Á right, both, and à off. b To check magnetos, pilot watches RPMs as he/she turns switch. b In the event of rough operation, the pilot can switch to the smoothest operating magneto. b Regional Gliding School
Shielding The parts of the ignition system are surrounded with metal covering which is grounded. n This design is known as shielding and is used to prevent interference with the radio. n Regional Gliding School
Ignition Timing The timing of the magneto to fire the spark plug at the proper time. n Firing too early can result: n – – – Regional Gliding School in loss of power, pre-ignition, piston burning, scored cylinders, and broken rings.
Confirmation Stage NOTE: You must use the buttons in the Confirmation Stage
Aero Engines Fuel problems, Ignition, and Basic Electrical System Let's try a few review questions on Aero Engines: Question #3 - Regional Gliding School What is the purpose of dual ignition? A Safety B Longer engine life C Prevent overheating D Both A and C
Flying Scholarship Program I’m afraid that answer is incorrect Let's try again. . . Regional Gliding School
Flying Scholarship Program I’m afraid that answer is incorrect Let's try again. . . Regional Gliding School
Flying Scholarship Program I’m afraid that answer is incorrect Let's try again. . . Regional Gliding School
Flying Scholarship Program That answer is correct. Let's move on. . . Regional Gliding School
Aero Engines Fuel problems, Ignition, and Basic Electrical System Let's try a few review questions on Aero Engines: Question #4 - Regional Gliding School What is shielding? A Improves combustion B Surrounds cockpit C Fire wall D Metal covering
Flying Scholarship Program I’m afraid that answer is incorrect Let's try again. . . Regional Gliding School
Flying Scholarship Program I’m afraid that answer is incorrect Let's try again. . . Regional Gliding School
Flying Scholarship Program I’m afraid that answer is incorrect Let's try again. . . Regional Gliding School
Flying Scholarship Program That answer is correct. Let's move on. . . Regional Gliding School
Electrical System G G Includes everything that operates electrically, except the magnetos. The ignition system is not connected with the airplane’s electrical system. Regional Gliding School F Supplies power to start the airplane. F Also required to operate a multitude of controls including: – – flaps, undercarriage, all radios, lights, etc.
Components ¶ Storage Battery: – stores electrical energy required for engine starts. · Master Switch: – overall on/off switch for the electrical system. ¸ Starter Motor: – turns the engine over after it receives current from the battery. Regional Gliding School
Components ¹ Generator/Alternator: – supplies current to the system and recharges the battery, – driven by the engine, – once motor is started, the alternator will take over and transfer the energy. Î Voltage Regulator: – prevents the system from being overloaded and the battery from overcharging. Regional Gliding School
Components » Bus Bar: – receives from the battery and the generator (or alternator) and distributes it to various circuits. ¼ Circuit Breakers: – prevents component damage resulting from system overloads. ½ Ammeter/Voltmeter: – indicates current and voltage storage and drain of the system. Regional Gliding School
Components ¾ Generator Warning Light: – indicates only of generator failure, and – aircraft without ammeter/voltmeters have this. Regional Gliding School
Confirmation Stage NOTE: You must use the buttons in the Confirmation Stage
Aero Engines Fuel problems, Ignition, and Basic Electrical System Let's try a few review questions on Aero Engines: Question #5 - Regional Gliding School What prevents component damage resulting from system overloads? A Bus bar B Voltage regulator C Circuit breaker D Ammeter
Flying Scholarship Program I’m afraid that answer is incorrect Let's try again. . . Regional Gliding School
Flying Scholarship Program I’m afraid that answer is incorrect Let's try again. . . Regional Gliding School
Flying Scholarship Program I’m afraid that answer is incorrect Let's try again. . . Regional Gliding School
Flying Scholarship Program That answer is correct. Let's move on. . . Regional Gliding School
Aero Engines Fuel problems, Ignition, and Basic Electrical System Let's try a few review questions on Aero Engines: Question #6 - Regional Gliding School What stores electrical energy for engine starts? A Battery B Alternator C Bus bar D Ammeter
Flying Scholarship Program I’m afraid that answer is incorrect Let's try again. . . Regional Gliding School
Flying Scholarship Program I’m afraid that answer is incorrect Let's try again. . . Regional Gliding School
Flying Scholarship Program I’m afraid that answer is incorrect Let's try again. . . Regional Gliding School
Flying Scholarship Program That answer is correct. Let's move on. . . Regional Gliding School
Aero Engines Fuel problems, Ignition, and Basic Electrical System Congratulations!! You have now completed the Fuel Problems, Ignition, and Basic Electrical System lesson of the Aero Engines Module. Of course, this lesson is always available to you for future reference if required. You are now ready to move along to the next Aero Engines lesson you have not completed or to any other module you wish. You can advance to the Self Test Module if you feel ready to challenge the final exam. Good Luck! Regional Gliding School
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