Refraction at the airglass boundary 12272021 Refraction through

$Refraction - at the air-glass boundary 12/27/2021$

Refraction - at the air-glass boundary 12/27/2021

$Refraction through a glass block: 12/27/2021 Wave slows down and bends towards the normal$

Refraction through a glass block: 12/27/2021 Wave slows down and bends towards the normal due to entering a more dense medium Wave slows down but is not bent, due to entering along the normal Wave speeds up and bends away from the normal due to entering a less dense medium

The speed of light 12/27/2021 Light travels at 300 000 km/s in a vacuum. As it enters denser media the speed of light decreases. Looking at the chart, which do you think is denser, Perspex or water? Perspex must be denser because light travels more slowly through Perspex than water.

$Refraction 12/27/2021 Refraction is when waves ____ __ or slow down due to travelling$

Refraction 12/27/2021 Refraction is when waves ____ __ or slow down due to travelling in a different _____. A medium is something that waves will travel through. In this case the light rays are slowed down by the water and are _____, causing the ruler to look odd. The two mediums in this example are ______ and _______. Words – speed up, water, air, bent, medium

12/27/2021 Why does light change direction as it enters a material? In the muddy field the car slows down as there is more friction. If it enters the field at an angle then the front tyres hit the mud at different times. Road Tyre 1 Tyre one hits the mud first and will move more slowly than tyre two. This causes the car to turn towards the normal. Mud Tyre 2

$Refraction : Effects of Refraction This ruler appears bent because the light from one$

Refraction : Effects of Refraction This ruler appears bent because the light from one end of the ruler has been refracted, but light from the other end has travelled in a straight line. Would the ruler appear more or less bent if the water was replaced with glass? 12/27/2021

12/27/2021 The Archer fish is a predator that shoots jets of water at insects near the surface of the water, say on a leaf. The fish does not aim at the refracted image it sees but at a location where it knows the prey to be. image of prey location

$Finding the Critical Angle… 12/27/2021 1) Ray gets refracted 3) Ray still gets refracted$

Finding the Critical Angle… 12/27/2021 1) Ray gets refracted 3) Ray still gets refracted (just!) THE CRITICAL ANGLE 2) Ray still gets refracted 4) Ray gets internally reflected

TOTAL INTERNAL REFLECTION 12/27/2021 weak reflected ray As the angle of incidence increases towards the critical angle ( glass = 420 ) the refracted ray gets weaker and the reflected ray gets stronger.

12/27/2021 Uses of Total Internal Reflection Optical fibres: An optical fibre is a long, thin, _______ rod made of glass or plastic. Light is _______ reflected from one end to the other, making it possible to send ____ chunks of information Optical fibres can be used for _____ by sending electrical signals through the cable. The main advantage of this is a reduced ______ loss. Words – communications, internally, large, transparent, signal

12/27/2021 Other uses of total internal reflection 1) Endoscopes (a medical device used to see inside the body): 2) Binoculars and periscopes (using “reflecting prisms”)

12/27/2021

$Wave diagrams 12/27/2021 1) Reflection 2) Refraction 3) Refraction 4) Diffraction$

Wave diagrams 12/27/2021 1) Reflection 2) Refraction 3) Refraction 4) Diffraction

$Diffraction 12/27/2021 More diffraction if the size of the gap is similar to the$

Diffraction 12/27/2021 More diffraction if the size of the gap is similar to the wavelength More diffraction if wavelength is increased (or frequency decreased)

$Sound can also be diffracted… 12/27/2021 The explosion can’t be seen over the hill,$

Sound can also be diffracted… 12/27/2021 The explosion can’t be seen over the hill, but it can be heard. We know sound travels as waves because sound can be refracted, reflected (echo) and diffracted.

$Diffraction depends on frequency… 12/27/2021 A high frequency (short wavelength) wave doesn’t get diffracted$

Diffraction depends on frequency… 12/27/2021 A high frequency (short wavelength) wave doesn’t get diffracted much – the house won’t be able to receive it…

$Diffraction depends on frequency… 12/27/2021 A low frequency (long wavelength) wave will get diffracted$