Reforms Reformers of the Industrial Revolution John Stuart

Reforms & Reformers of the Industrial Revolution John Stuart Mill Jane Addams Robert Owen Susan B. Anthony William Wilberforce Karl Marx Thomas Malthus Jeremy Bentham

John Stuart Mill • Led the Utilitarian movement • Questioned unregulated Capitalism & wanted to divide profits between workers & owners • Favored cooperative agriculture & women’s rights • Urged government to do away with differences in wealth between classes

Jane Addams • Ran settlement houses (like Hull House in Chicago) for urban poor • Worked in the abolition movement to end slavery world wide • Worked for women’s rights including suffrage (right to vote) • Worked with other reformers such as Horace Mann to end child labor & educate children

Robert Owen • Built low cost housing for his factory workers • Prohibited children under 10 from working in his mills & provided free schooling • Founded a utopian community in New Harmony, Indiana for his workers

Susan B. Anthony • Worked for Women’s Rights and in 1848 attended the Women’s Rights National Convention in Seneca Falls, NY • Worked with abolitionists such as Frederick Douglass to end slavery and improve minority rights • Supported education for women and equality in the workplace

William Wilberforce • Viewed slavery as morally wrong and economically as a threat to workers • Urged British Parliament to end slavery in its colonies by 1807 & in its entire empire by 1833 • Urged other countries such as the U. S. , Puerto Rico, Cuba, & Brazil to end slavery

Karl Marx • In 1848 he and Friedrich Engels wrote the Communist Manifesto to inspire workers to revolt against business owners • Believed that Communism was a complete form of Socialism where all private property ceased to exist and all things would be owned by the public • Argued that all history was a struggle between the workers (Proletariat) and their employers (Bourgeoisie)

Thomas Malthus • Believed that the urban poor would always stay poor unless they learned how to control their population • Stated that the limiting factor for expanding populations was a steady food supply • Agreed with David Ricardo that there would always be a permanent under class

Jeremy Bentham • Supported the idea of Utilitarianism, where ideas should be judged on their usefulness • Believed that government should promote the greatest good for the greatest number of people • Agreed that individuals should be free to pursue their own interests

The Union Movement • Labor Unions represented workers’ rights and used collective bargaining & strikes to get better conditions and pay from employers • Early unions were persecuted under the Combination Acts in the US & Great Britain which made them illegal. By 1875 Great Britain made labor unions legal

Luddism: A Violent Response to the Industrial Revolution • The fictitious General Ned Ludd began breaking into factories and smashing machines in the early 1800 s • Ludd’s followers called themselves Luddites and thought that by destroying the machines they could increase their pay and get back lost jobs • British Parliament made machine breaking a capital offense (death penalty) to try and stop the Luddites • Neo-Luddism is still around today