Reformation in England The Tudor Dynasty Wars of

Reformation in England The Tudor Dynasty

Wars of Roses, 1455 -1485 w House of York w White Rose w House of Lancaster w Red Rose w Ended when Henry VII (Lancaster) defeated Richard III (York) w Henry married Elizabeth of York w Henry VIII, their son, unites the two families

Henry VIII w Ruled England 1509 -1547 w Crowned at 18 yrs old w Married brother’s widow— Catherine of Aragon, 25 yrs old w Fought several wars against Scotland & France w Advisor was Cardinal Wolsey w Challenged power of Parliament w Beheaded two wives, several advisors & nobles w Confiscated All Church Property

6 Wives of Henry VIII w Catherine of Aragon: Divorced w Anne Boleyn: Beheaded w Jane Seymour: Died giving Birth to Son w Anne of Cleves: Annulled w Catherine Howard: Beheaded w Catherine Parr: Widowed

Catherine of Aragon w Daughter of Ferdinand & Isabella, Rulers of Spain w Sent to England at age 16 to marry Arthur, Prince of Wales w 7 years older than Henry w Mother of Mary w Pope refused to annul the marriage w Henry made himself head of church in England w Divorced Catherine & put under House Arrest w Died 3 years later

Anne Boleyn w. Refused to be Henry’s mistress w. Promised him a son if they married w Henry broke from Catholic Church to marry Anne w Henry VIII ordered the execution of Thomas More & other prominent men who remain loyal Catholics w Mother of Elizabeth & one still born son w English people loved Catherine & hated Anne w Tried for treason—charges were false w Beheaded

Jane Seymour w Married Henry 12 days after Anne was beheaded w Gave birth to Edward VI w Died of complications from giving birth

6 Wives of Henry VIII w Catherine of Aragon: Divorced w Anne Boleyn: Beheaded w Jane Seymour: Died giving Birth to Son w Anne of Cleves: Annulled w Catherine Howard: Beheaded w Catherine Parr: Widowed

Edward VI w 1537 -1553 w 10 years old when father died w King in name only —guardians ruled. w Did away with many of the traditional Catholic practices w In his reign the Book of Common Prayer was written w Supervised Anglican Church Doctrine w Died when 16 years old of TB

Bloody Mary w Ruled 1553 -58 w Daughter of Catherine of Aragon w Raised Catholic w Became queen when Edward died w Married Phillip II of Spain w Made Catholic Religious official religion w Ordered arrest & burning of protestant heretics--300 w Died after 5 years of cancer

Elizabeth I w w Ruled 1558 -1603 Daughter of Anne Boleyn Restored Anglican Church Defeated Spanish Armada in 1588 w Made England most powerful & prosperous nation in Europe w. Put down several unsuccessful Catholic plots against her w. Did not marry w. On her death James I, son of Mary, Queen of Scots becomes King