Reform in America Education Reform n Efforts to

Reform in America

Education Reform n Efforts to Reform: q q Public School Movement- (common school movement) establish free public school Horace Mann- helped to create a state board of education, state funding, and professional teachers.

Education Reform n Results: q Some states fund public schools q The amount of children attending school doubled q Many women became teachers

Prison Reform n Efforts to Reform: q q Dorothea Dix- campaigned to improve conditions for the mentally ill Penitentiary movement- reform the conditions of prisons

Prison Reform n Results: q q Dorothea Dix helps to build humane hospitals for the mentally ill and eventually build the first modern mental hospitals Two new prison systemsn n 1. Pennsylvania System: Prisoners urged to repent in solitary confinement 2. Auburn System: Prisoners worked together during day, slept alone at night.

Social Reform n Efforts to Reform: q q Help rid American of crime, sickness, and poverty Temperance Movement- effort to end alcohol abuse (temperance = drinking in moderation)

Social Reform n Results: q q Temperance Societies form to help educate people against alcohol abuse Laws are passed in some states to restrict the sale of alcohol

Antislavery movement n Slaves resisted by sabotage or escape. n Underground railroad provided a network of escape routes n Many slaves led full revolts

Anti. Slavery Movement n Nat Turner- led a revolt in 1831 in Virginia n Southerners passed strict laws to keep slaves from resisting q q Illegal to teach slaves to read Slaves could not gather in groups

Antislavery n American Colonization Society (ACS) q n Established Liberia in Africa for freed slaves Some free African Americans moved to Liberia, but most stayed in the U. S.

Abolition n Early 1800 s, Americans who opposed slavery started to speak out. q q n They wanted slavery abolished (ended) Became known as abolitionists The abolition movement begins!

Abolition Leaders n William Lloyd Garrison- a leading abolitionist q q n He used newspaper (The Liberator) to spread the idea of antislavery He founded the American Anti-Slavery Society Frederick Douglass- Former slave and abolitionist q Gave lectures and told stories of his own life in slavery

Resisting Abolition n Southerners argued that their economy depended on slavery q Also that Christianity supported slavery n Many northerners supported slavery n Gag rule- prohibited discussion of slavery in Congress