Referencing LRC Sue Howard susan howardoaklands ac uk

Referencing LRC: Sue Howard susan. howard@oaklands. ac. uk

What is Referencing? � …. .

What is Referencing? When you properly include someone else’s work in your assignments, it is called “referencing” or “citing”. Referring to another’s work is also known as a Citation. Referencing makes it clear that the words or ideas you are using originally came from another person.

Why Do I Need To Reference? … A good writer is always thinking, using ideas and facts from sources to shape and inform an argument!

Why Do I Need To Reference? As a student, you need to use the work of experts as evidence to back up the points that you make and show you are learning by doing some research. Referencing shows the sources of evidence that support your thinking. Your tutor can see what you have read and how you have used the information. Referencing gives the credit that is due to experts when you use their words or ideas. Referencing also makes it easy for readers to find the same sources that you have used, if they want to find out more. Referencing will guard you against being accused of plagiarism, which is passing others work off as being your own.

What is Plagiarism? � Committing literary theft e. g. to steal and pass off (the ideas or words of another) as one's own � Includes all mediums e. g. using (another's production such as website or You. Tube clip) without crediting the source � If you got information from any existing source – it must be REFERENCED! Plagiarism is picked up on Turnitin!

Reference every source you use! Sources you might use to support your research vary widely! If you use it… � Images � Pictures � Tables � Charts � Diagrams � Television programmes � Films/DVDs � Radio programmes � You tube clips � Emails etc!! reference it!

Learning how to reference properly is part of your course. You can find a guide to Harvard Referencing on Oak. Learn Always refer to the guide when you are writing your assignments

What information does a reference include? �Who wrote the work? (Author) �When �What did they write it? (Date) is the name of the work? (Title) �Where can it be found? (Publisher) The style of how you insert Harvard Referencing may change in different educational contexts but the basic information needed is always the same

What your Assignment may look like �Cover page (name, course title) �Table of Contents �Abstract/Executive �Body Summary – beginning, middle, end/conclusion in structured paragraphs including in-text citations �Appendices �References – list in alphabetical order, surname first, then initial

Two parts of referencing � In-text citation Medwell (2007: 25) advises that “when working with teaching assistants one needs to communicate, very precisely, their role in each lesson. ” Page Numbers: either p. 25 or : 25 Lower case e for editors (eds) Upper case E for Editions (Ed/Edn) (appears after title) Brief reference � References list at the end of your assignment Medwell, J. (2007) Successful teaching placement. 2 nd Edn. Exeter: Learning Matters. References list is NOT the same thing as a Bibliography! Full details of source

Creative ways to introduce sources: Howard (2018) • Found that • Calculated that • Describes the impact of • Suggests that • Demonstrated that • Showed that • Claims that • Discussed the idea that • Considers that • Points out that • Supports • Challenges • Summarises • Identified by Howard (2018) • Attributes to Newey (2018) • Studies (Howard, 2018; Newey 2018) indicate that • Recent studies (Howard & Newey, 2018) have challenged… • Confirmed by… • Reported by • Asserted by • Argued by • Explained by • This view is supported by…

How do I add a reference? …

Two steps: In the text you: CITE the work of experts in your field in two main ways: � Use a “direct quote” � But it is better to: paraphrase or summarise the ideas in your own words At the end of your assignment � Put a list of the sources you have cited at the end of your document with the title: References

Example: A Direct Quote � You can copy other people’s text if you make it clear that it is not your own. � You need to add speech marks (“__”) or indent it to make it stand out from the rest of your text. � You need to add the Author, Year and Page Number. Example of a Direct Quote: Author Year Action for Smoking and Health (2010: 10) Page state that “Since the implementation of the 2002 Number Tobacco Advertising and Promotion Act, tobacco advertising is now illegal except at the point of sale. ” Text Quoted

To complete the Reference list at the end you need: Author: Howard, S (last name, initials, no spaces between initials) Date of Publication (in brackets): (2018) Title of item (write it in italics if a book): How to be clever Place of Publication: London: Name of Publisher: Azure Separate location and name of publisher with a colon : Punctuation is a variable; consistency is not! Howard, S. (2018) How to be clever. London: Azure

Where to find the publishing details in a book? � Look at the front pages of the book � You need: ◦ Date ◦ Location (e. g. London, New York etc) ◦ Name of Publisher

Activity � Using a text book � Find a “quote” � Write it down – add in-text citation � Create complete Reference for list at the end � Refer to the Harvard Referencing Guide

Referencing soon gets tricky!

TOP TIPS!!! Consult the Hvd Ref guide!! � Insert references correctly in your work as you write it! � If you are researching and not writing yet then ALWAYS make a note of page number and text of useful ideas/quotes that you plan to use � GET IT RIGHT � � Check your referencing is accurate for the education environment you are in – Harvard is differently applied in different Universities!! CONSISTENCY IS KING – use same style throughout e. g. ed, Edn etc –and stick to it! Proofread and proofread again! (Do the weblinks still work? ) Only reference sources you actually use! FIRST TIME

et al - means ‘and others’ in Latin � Use et al (generally italicised) if there are three or more authors � Mintzberg et al (2003) � ALL authors should be listed in References list: � Mintzberg, H. , Lampel, J. , Quinn, J. , and Ghoshal, S. (2003) The Strategy Process. 2 nd European Edn. Harlow: Pearson Education

Research Notes: Save yourself some time… 1. 2. 3. Keep a copy of any useful text If it is from a book, write down the title, author, page number, date published and name of publisher (ask in the LRC for help as needed) If it is from a website, copy the web address and the author. Also note down the date and time you accessed it.

Referencing a Web Page This is the information you need to record for each website that you use: Useful text: “The Curriculum for each subject was laid down in statutory orders, with attainment targets, programmes of study and ten levels of attainment defining what a pupil must know and be able to do at each level. ” Author: P. Covington Title: New Vocationalism Available at: NB: No date http: //www. sociology. org. uk/pcnewvoc. doc for when page rd was uploaded! Date accessed: 23 March 2010

Keep Notes: Referencing a Book This is the information you need to record for each book that you use: Useful text: “It is, however, possible to argue for an education that is entirely theoretical and see it as a duty to combat those who would promote an education that was in any way practical. ” Author: Andy Armitage Title: Teaching and Training in Post Compulsory Education, 3 rd Edn Page: 23 Date Published: 2007 Publisher: Milton Keynes: Open University Press

Example of Direct vs Indirect Quotes Direct • Action for Smoking and Health state that “Since the implementation of the 2002 Tobacco Advertising and Promotion Act, tobacco advertising is now illegal except at the point of sale. ” (2010) Indirect • Action for Smoking and Health (2010) state that it has been a criminal offence to advertise tobacco outside of tobacco outlets since the 2002 Tobacco Advertising and Promotion Act. “illegal” changes to “criminal offence” “point of sale” changes to “tobacco outlets”

Example: An Indirect Quote (or Paraphrase) � � � You can rewrite other people’s text and ideas in your own words if you make it clear that it is not your own. You do NOT need to add speech marks, or indent it – you can give page number if you are summarising an argument or a specific, but not if you are summarising an entire book or argument. You DO need to add the Author and Year. Example of an Indirect Quote: Author Year Action for Smoking and Health (2010) state that it has been a criminal offence to advertise tobacco outside of tobacco outlets since the 2002 Tobacco Advertising and Promotion Act. Text rewritten in own words

Change this to an indirect quote: “Reducing exposure of the skin to the sun is most important” (NHS, 2004). NHS (2004) Basal Cell Carinoma (Rodent ulcer), London: Royal Free Hospital 4) 0 0 S (2 s that H N d e The mmen uce th heir o t rec ple red time o t f peo unt o osed o p am is ex skin sun. the The author and date can be written into your sentence in a variety of ways – at the beginning, middle or end. You can incorporate the author’s name as part of your sentence, but date generally will appear in (brackets).

Activity � Select a passage from your source and write it as an indirect quote e. g. Paraphrase (remember to rewrite the text in your own words): Author: Title: Page: Wise to keep a record of the page number in case you want to check it again later Publishing details:

Example: paraphrase from a chapter in an edited book In-text citation It is not easy for people to see the links between creativity and mathematics (Hanley, in Jones and Wyse, 2004, p. 35). References Hanley, U. (2004) ‘Mathematics’. In Jones, R. and Wyse, D. (eds. ) Creativity in the primary curriculum. London: David Fulton. pp. 31 -48. Here page number appears in the full detail as these are the pages where the chapter written by Hanley appear.

A Summary �A summary is useful when you have found a large section of useful text, but there is also some irrelevant content. � You remove the irrelevant content and rewrite the rest in your own words. � You need to add the Author and Year

Example: Summary “Studies have shown that tobacco advertising increases consumption and that advertising bans can lead to a drop in consumption of between five and nine per cent. The Government estimated that the tobacco advertising ban in the UK has led to a drop in tobacco consumption of around three per cent, saving approximately 3, 000 lives in the long term. ” Action for Smoking and Health 2010 Action for Smoking and Health (2010) noted that Government analysis of studies predicted the advertising ban could prevent up to 3, 000 deaths.

Activity � Select a passage from your book or source and write it as a summary Author: Title: Page: Publishing details:

Quick Quiz!

Writing a Bibliography The bibliography is added to the end of your assignment and is where you list all the sources you have used in your work. Items should be listed alphabetically by the author’s name. If several items are by the same author, then they should be listed by year.

Some Good News Microsoft Word will create references for you.

LRC WGC Workshop: Sue Please give us feedback about your LRC workshop! <<== Simply scan the QR Code with Snap. Chat or a QR Code Reader app on your phone, or go to the link below, and complete the form. It’s quick and easy! https: //goo. gl/forms/v. HBYbj 6 x. WXPEx. Ne 32 Thanks for your feedback. New QR Code Unitag Sept 2018 Feedback for LRC Study Skills Workshop delivered by Susan Howard