Referencing HARVARD 1 Referencing HARVARD Demonstrate use of

Referencing (HARVARD) 1

Referencing (HARVARD) Demonstrate use of the Harvard system of referencing. n The Why, What, How of referencing. Understand the guidelines for the submission of written work. 2

Referencing (HARVARD) Quote from the Student Handbook: “A reference list must be provided, using the Harvard referencing system” Do. HS student handbook 2001/2002 Appendix G page 45. 3

Referencing (HARVARD) Why? • Acknowledge debts to other writers. • Demonstrate the body of knowledge upon which your assignment is based. • Enable the reader(s) to locate your sources easily. 4

Referencing Conventions (HARVARD) What ? • Citing/Citation • The way that (you) the writer refer to texts that you wish to include in your work – example to follow. • Can also be all of the information retrieved from a bibliographical database search. • References • an alphabetical list describing each source that you have used. • Bibliography • a list of material you have used for information or inspiration but have not referred to directly in the text. 5

A paraphrase is. . . your own rendition of essential information and ideas expressed by someone else, presented in a new form. one legitimate way (when accompanied by accurate documentation) to borrow from a source. a more detailed restatement than a summary, which focuses concisely on a single main idea. 6

Method of citation • • Mention author(s) Date of publication Cole and Kelsey (2003) conclude that…. According to Cole (2001 p 25) ‘the evidence suggests these systems will not continue unless……’ 7

Referencing Conventions (HARVARD) How ? Book Reference: Author(s), . (Date) Title. Edition. Place: Publisher. Nicklin, P. , and Kenworthy, N. eds. , (2000) Teaching and Assessing in Nursing Practice. 3 rd ed. London: Baillière Tindall. Journal Reference: Nicklin, P. (2001) Safety Conscious. Health Management. 5 (5), 24 -25. 8

Referencing Conventions (HARVARD) How to do it • prepare citation in text (check spelling and date!) • Write the reference (or a prompt note) and insert (alphabetically) into reference page • when ‘proof reading’ check each citation in the reference list • keep your references for ‘re-cycling’ 9

Referencing Exercise Practice at writing references 10

Referencing Exercise Journal: Author Surname, Author Initial. (Date) Article title. Journal Title, Volume (part), pages. Burnham, J. F. (1994) Information management education for students in the health care professions: a coordinated, integrated plan. Medical Reference Services Quarterly. 13(2): 45 -62. 11

Referencing Exercise Journal: Author Surname, Author Initial(s). (Date) Article title. Journal Title, Volume (part), pages. Blythe, J. , and Royle, J. A. (1993) Assessing nurses' information needs in the work environment. Bulletin of the Medical Library Association. 81(4), p 433 -5. 12

Referencing Exercise Journal - Online: Author Surname, Author Initial. (Date) Article title. [format] Journal Title, Place of Publication: Publisher: Available at: <URL> [ Accessed Date]. Drury, R. M. (1997) Considerations in planning a computer learning lab for nursing students. [online] On-Line Journal of Nursing Informatics. Available at: http: //cac. psu. edu/~dxm 12/OJNI. html [Accessed 25 March 2003] 13

Referencing Exercise Journal: Author Surname, Author Initial. (Date) Article title. Journal Title, Volume (part), pages. Birx, E. , Castleberry, K. and Perry, K. (1996) Integration of laptop computer technology into an undergraduate nursing course. Computers in Nursing. 14(2), p 108 -12. 14

Guidelines for submission of written work 15

There are 3 people involved in this decision: the author of the text you are referencing the writer (you) the reader (often your teacher). 16

There are 3 common types of in-text citation: 1). Direct Quote – means using the exact same words as the original author 2). Paraphrasing - means using the ideas of an author, but not his or her exact words. However, the meaning should be the same. You can do this, for example, to say that 2 different authors have the same opinion, and give the opinion as a paraphrase. This shows that you can categorise ideas, which is a useful study skill that can improve your marks in assignments. 3). Summarize - is writing a summary of what the author says. It is useful because: n you can miss out unnecessary details, such as examples n you can use less words than the author, and therefore reduce the number of words in your writing 17

Home Work For your homework I want you to reference 1 book 1 Journal 1 website 1 newspaper 1 multiple writer. Economic effect of the Olympic games in China. Global economy crisis. What will be the effect of the World trade fair in Shanghai 2010 have for China. 18