Referencing and the Research Project What is referencing

Referencing and the Research Project

What is referencing? Referencing, or citing, means acknowledging all sources of information and ideas you have used in your assignment.

Why reference? In your RP outcome you have to demonstrate Synthesis and Substantiation

Referencing Rules There are two main rules of referencing. Rule Number 1 A reference must be included every time you use someone else’s ideas or information.

Rule Number 2 Each reference must appear in two places: In the text and In the reference list

The In-text Reference This is placed either before or after the quote or idea you are using. It consists of: • the author’s or editor’s family name or the organisation responsible. • the year of publication • page numbers

In-text Reference Examples Paraphrasing an idea Many factors are known to affect the successful outcomes for students at secondary school (Johnston, 2003, p. 37). OR Johnston (2003, p. 37) claims that there are many factors that are known to affect the success of students at secondary school.

In-text Reference Examples A direct quote Mc. Laine (2002, p. 16) stated that ‘productivity among 69 percent of workers was found to be affected by work related stress’. OR ‘Productivity among 69 percent of workers was found to be affected by work related stress’ (Mc. Laine, 2002, p. 16).

The Reference list: • is arranged alphabetically by author’s family name • is a single list — books, journal articles and electronic sources are listed together • includes the full details of your in-text references (author, date, title, publishing details) • the name of the book/magazine is placed in italics and other information is separated by commas

Reference List Examples Book Author’s family name followed by a comma, then initial(s) Title of book in italics, followed by a comma. Upper case used for first letter Place of publication Daly, J, Speedy, S & Jackson, D 2004, Nursing leadership, Elsevier, Sydney. Year of publication followed by a comma – no brackets Publisher

Reference List Examples Website Author’s family name followed by a comma and then the initial Title of the webpage in italics, followed by a comma. Upper case letter used for the first word only Year of publication followed by a comma with no brackets Date first accessed on the WWW, followed by a comma Name of organisation, if applicable, then a comma Thomas, S 2007, Guide to personal efficiency, Adelaide University, viewed 6 January 2008, <http: //library. adelaide. edu. au/~sthomas/papers/perseff. html>. The internet address (URL) is enclosed in < and > with a full stop at the end.

Reference List Examples Journal/magazine Author’s family name followed by a comma, then the initial, comma then date. Title of the article in single quotation marks, followed by a comma. Upper case is used for the first word Name of the magazine/journal in italics. Use an upper case letter at the start of each main word. O'Hara, MJ 2000, ‘Food preparation in the 21 st century’, Journal of Food Science, vol. 41, no. 11, pp. 145– 151. Volume and number Use p. if the information comes from a single page. Use pp. if information comes from a range of pages.

Do in-text references add to the word count? Anything in the bracket does not count. Mc. Laine (2002, p. 16) stated that ‘productivity among 69 percent of workers was found to be affected by work related stress’. OR ‘Productivity among 69 percent of workers was found to be affected by work related stress’ (Mc. Laine, 2002, p. 16)

What if the information source does not have an author or a date? If there is no author: • Look for a sponsoring body such as an organization or a government department that is responsible for the information. • If this is not possible, use the title of the book, article or document as the ‘author’. • If no date can be found, write the abbreviations n. d.

Example of journal article with no author In-text Such a strategy is already in use (‘Building human resources instead of landfills’ 2000) and … Reference List ‘Building human resources instead of landfills’ 2000, Biocycle, vol. 41, no. 12, pp. 28– 29.

What do I do if there is a really long quote? If you have a long direct quote (more than 30 words): • indent the quote on a new line. • you do not need to use quotation marks. • use a smaller size font

A long quote example Australians have developed: an emerging interest in values, vision, meaning and purpose which is the common characteristic of societies facing the end of a chronological era … each new decade is approached as if it holds some new promise (Mackay 1993, p. 231). Three dots (ellipses) are used if you have left out a section of the quote.

How do I reference conversations, interviews, letters or emails etc? These are known as personal communications In-text reference should include: • the date the communication occurred • the name of the person you communicated with (if you haven’t included the name in the flow of the sentence)

In text examples of an interview • It has been confirmed by Seow (interview 3 rd July 2008) that this practice is widespread. • I interviewed Lleyton Hewitt (7 th March 2008) and asked him what advice he has to give young tennis players … • In an interview conducted on 19 February 2002, Ms J. Smith stated that … • I’ll call him David. That’s not his real name, but he sleeps in the parklands and agreed to talk to me about how he copes (interview 6 th June 2008). • There is a undisputable link between depression and poor sleeping habits (Jones, interview 2 nd April 2015).

Personal Communications in the Reference List: • You must obtain the person’s permission to use their name in your work Hewitt, L, Interview by [your SACE ID number], Adelaide, 3 March 2008 Interview with a homeless person, by [your SACE ID number], Adelaide, 6 June 2008

How do I reference a survey? • A survey that you have conducted yourself should be put at the back of your assignment as an Appendix. • You should refer to the appendix as the intext reference • Do not put it in your reference list. • A published survey should be added to the reference list.

Example of a survey This view is supported by 55% of people who responded to a survey conducted to gauge opinion (Appendix 1).

What is the difference between a reference list and a bibliography? • A bibliography lists everything you may have read • A reference list is limited to the in-text references in your assignment • you do not need to produce a bibliography for your assignments unless specifically asked to do so by your teacher

Still stuck? Bring your assignment to one of the Teacher Librarians and get some help!