REFERENCES AND BIBLIOGRAPHY Why referencing REFERENCES AND BIBLIOGRAPHY

REFERENCES AND BIBLIOGRAPHY Why referencing?

REFERENCES AND BIBLIOGRAPHY References is a list of cited works used in the course of the study. Bibliography is however, a list of cited and uncited works, but consulted while carrying out the study.

REFERENCING STYLES There are three (3) major styles of documentation when referencing. We have: v. American Psychological Association (APA) v. Modern Language Association (MLA) v. Chicago Style Emphasis will be placed on American Psychological Association (APA) referencing style, 6 th edition.

REFERENCING AN IDEA TH USING APA 6 EDITION IN-TEXT CITATION: We either cite the Surname of the author(s); then the year of publication in parenthesis at the beginning of a sentence… e. g. Alade and Agbaje (2015) noted that ……………………. Or Cite both the Surname of the author(s) and year of publication in parenthesis at the end of the sentence. E. g. ……………………………… (Alade & Agbaje, 2015).

CITING A QUOTATION To cite a quotation at the end of the sentence, we have the Surname of author(s), year of publication and the page number in parenthesis. That is: (Author’s Surname, year, page number). E. g. …………………………………. (Alade & Agbaje, 2015, p. 52).

CITING A SOURCE WITHIN A SOURCE For an in-text citation, for instance, if Ezekiel study refers to a previous work carried out by Isaiah, the citation should be written as follows: ……………. . (Isaiah, as cited in Ezekiel, 2016). Only Ezekiel’s work will then show under the Reference list.

ARRANGEMENT OF AUTHORS’ LIST UNDER REFERENCES References should be arranged ALPHABETICALLY (A-Z) by Author Surnames, and then CHRONOLOGICALLY by the year of publication.

REFERENCING A BOOK When referencing a book, the order to be followed is: Author Surname, Initials, Year of publication, Title of book (to be put in italics), Place of Publication, Publishing Company, Page number. E. g. Freeman, R. E. , Harrison, J. S. , & Wicks, A. C. (2007). Managing for stakeholders: survival, reputation and success. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 22 -40.

REFERENCING A JOURNAL ARTICLE When referencing a journal article, the order to be followed is: Author Surname, Initials, Year of publication, Title of article, Journal title (to be put in italics), Volume Number (to be put in italics) and Subsection, Page number, DOI. E. g. Bonaci, C. , Matis, D. , & Strouhal, J. (2008). Financial Reporting Paradigms for financial instruments: Empirical study on the Czech and Romanian regulations. Journal of International Trade Law and Policy, 7(2), 101 -122. doi: 10. 1108/14770020810927318

REFERENCING A NEWSPAPER ARTICLE When referencing a newspaper article, the order to be followed is: Author Surname, Initials, Date of publication (year, month, date), Title of article, Title of Newspaper (to be put in italics), Retrieval address. Fellner, C. (2019, April 7). Time bomb: Two new cases as NSW faces worst measles outbreak in years. The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved from https: //www. smh. com. au

REFERENCING A WEBPAGE WITH AN AUTHOR When referencing a webpage with an author, the order to be followed is: Author Surname, Initials, Year of publication, Title of publication (to be put in italics), Retrieval webpage address. E. g. Welch, N. (2000). Toward an understanding of the determinants of rural health. Retrieved from http: //www. ruralhealth. org. au/welch. htm

REFERENCING A WEBSITE When referencing a website, the order to be followed is: Website name, Year of Publication, Title of publication (to be put in italics), Website address. E. g. Food Standards Australia & New Zealand. (2016). General information about GM foods. Retrieved from http: //www. foodstandards. gov. au/consumer/gmfood/gmoverview/pages/default. aspx

MENDELEY – A REFERENCE MANAGEMENT TOOL Mendeley serves as a reference management tool. It provides products and services for researchers. It manages and shares research papers and articles together with generating reference lists for researches used.

WHAT IS DIGITAL OBJECT IDENTIFIER (DOI)? A digital object identifier (DOI) is a unique alphanumeric string assigned by a registration agency (the International DOI Foundation) to identify content and provide a persistent link to its location on the Internet. The publisher assigns a DOI when an article is properly published and made available electronically. All DOI numbers begin with ’ 10’ and contain a prefix and a suffix separated by a slash. The prefix is a unique number of four or more digits assigned to organizations; the suffix is assigned by the publisher and is designed to be flexible with publisher identification standards. (American Psychological Association, 2019)

REFERENCE The University of Sydney. (2019). Referencing and Citation Styles: APA 6 th. Retrieved from https: //libguides. library. usyd. edu. au/citation

ACTIVITY 1. Differentiate between References and Bibliography. 2. What is the main difference between referencing a book and referencing a journal article? 3. Why do researchers need Mendeley? 3. What does DOI mean?