Reference Theodore S Rappaport Wireless Communications Principles and

移动通信原理 Reference: Theodore S. Rappaport, Wireless Communications Principles and Practice, Second Edition http: //home. ustc. edu. cn/~lygchenz/ 中国科学技术大学 个人通信与扩频实验室 邱玲，赵明 助教：董逸天

Contents 1. Introduction 2. Modern Wireless Systems 3. Cellular Concept 4. Mobile Radio Propagation: Large-Scale Path Loss 5. Mobile Radio Propagation: Small-Scale fading and multipath 6. Mobile Modulation Techniques 7. Equalization, Diversity, and channel coding 8. Speech coding 9. Multiple Access Techniques 10. Wireless Networking 11. Wireless Systems and Standards

Chapter 1 Introduction

Contents 1. 1 Evolution of Wireless Communication 1. 2 Wireless Communication Systems 1. 2. 1 Cellular Systems 1. 2. 2 Cordless Telephone 1. 2. 3 Wireless Access (WLL & W-LAN) 1. 2. 4 Satellite Systems 1. 3 Concept of Mobile System 1. 3. 1 Basic Concept 1. 3. 2 Call Process

A little bit of wireless history • Maxwell’s Equation published in 1865

A solution to the Maxwell’s Equation It predicted the existence of electromagnetic wave!

All in the family!

Experiments of Hertz • Hertz’s experiment to generate microwave in 1888 v Validated Maxwell’s prediction

Experiments of Hertz

Experiments of Hertz (cont. ) • A simple schematic v Feasibility of microwave communication demonstrated

The Big Step Forward from Marconi v Transmitted telegraph signals in 1890 at his home v Wireless telegraph between ships and shore in 1897 v Trans-Atlantic communication in Dec 14, 1901 from Poldhu, Cornwall (UK) to St John’s, Newfoundland, v(Is the earth round? ) From www. footprintsshoes. com/marconi. htm

The Big Step Forward from Marconi (cont. ) v. The letter “S” (Morse code …) was transmitted from a 25, 000 W station v. Jan 18, 1903, wireless telegram and a reply LONDON ENGLAND IN TAKING ADVANTAGE OF THE WONDERFUL TRIUMPH OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH AND INGENUITY WHICH HAS BEEN ACHIEVED IN PERFECTING A SYSTEM OF WIRELESS TELEGRAPHY I EXTEND ON BEHALF OF THE AMERICAN MOST CORDIAL GREETINGS AND GOOD WISHES TO YOU AND TO ALL THE PEOPLE OF THE BRITISH EMPIRE THEODORE ROOSEVELT WELLFLEET MASS JAN 18 1903

1. 2 Wireless Communication Systems n n n Cellular Systems Cordless Telephone Wireless Access Systems Paging System Satellite Systems

1. 2. 1 Cellular Systems

First generation mobile communication --- 1 G Analog System basic technical feature: analog technology analog circuit units Cellular structure, roaming, handover Second generation mobile communication --- 2 G Digital system basic technical feature: digital technology digital process units SIM card, light handset, high capacity Third generation mobile communication --- 3 G Smart system basic technical feature: intelligent process technology smart process units Multimedia, higher capacity, intelligent network

4 G LTE-Release 8/9: OFDM, MIMO, with a total of 32 million users (August 2012) and expectations of close to two billion users in 2018. ØLTE-A-Release 10, finalized in 2010, the possibility for transmission bandwidth beyond 20 MHz carrier aggregation, enhanced multiantenna transmission, and the introduction of relaying functionality. ØR 11 Dec. 2012, In addition to further refining some of the features introduced as part of Rel-10, Co. MP, enhanced support for heterogeneous deployments, advanced terminal receivers and for multistandard base stations supporting. R 12 June-Sept. 2014, not only increased capacity and enhanced enduser experience, Enhanced local area access, Multi-antenna enhancements, Improved support for machine-type communication (MTC), Direct device-to-device communication Ø 5 G: 系� 数据�� 支撑能力达 10 Gbps，�� 及功率效率� 4 G提 升10倍，网� 覆盖的� 位面� 吞吐率� 4 G提升25倍。 Ø

1. 2. 2 Cordless Telephone

1. 2. 3 Wireless Access Systems ---- Wireless Local Loop S-CDMA PHS IEEE 802. XX

1. 2. 4 Paging Systems

n n To provide ultra-reliable coverage Paging transmitters are located on tall buildings Small RF bandwidths (to which the noise level is proportional) are used to maximize SNR of each paging receiver Low data rates are used(6400 bps)

1. 2. 5 Satellite Systems n Properties ü Seamless coverage Large coverage area Long distance Reliable communication link Large bandwidth Large capacity n Disadventages ü Large delay (270 ms，100 ms) ü ü ü

n ü ü ü System composing Space part Ground part terminal Types Synchronous Asynchronous: middle orbit, ellipse orbit, low orbit Applications Navigation (Position, transportation…) Digital film Satellite radio, Satellite remote sensing

1. 3 Concept of Mobile Systems 1. 3. 1 Basic Concept 1. 3. 2 Call Processing

1. 3. 1 Basic Concept § Cellular Structure

n Simplex n Multiple access n MS – BSC – MSC n Link n Roaming, Handover

Some Definitions

1. 3. 2 Call Process § How a Cellular Telephone Call is Made