REFERENCE CIRCUITS What is a Reference Circuit? A reference circuit is an independent voltage or current source which has a high degree of precision and stability Requirements for a Reference Circuit: 1. )Output voltage/current should be independent of power supply. 2. )Output voltage/current should be independent of temperature. 3. )Output voltage/current should be independent of processing variations
V-I Characteristics of an Ideal Reference i Voltage Reference Iref Current Reference Vref v
Concept of Sensitivity Definition Sensitivity (S) is a measure of dependence of Vref (Iref) upon a parameter or variable x which influences Vref (Iref). For example, if the sensitivity is 1, then a 10% change in x will cause a 10% change in Vref. Ideally, SVREFX(VDD, Temp) 0
Types of references 1. Voltage dividers - passive and active. 2. MOS diode reference. 3. PN junction diode reference. 4. Gate-source threshold referenced circuit. 5. Base-emitter referenced circuit.
Targil Kita. ØEstimate accuracy and sensitivity to power for the following Passive & Active Voltage References
PN_Junction Voltage reference and MOS Equivalent (Gate source)
Targil Kita II. ØWhat is the Voltage Reference of the PN junction and MOS equivalent circuits? ØHow can we modify these Voltages?