Reed Elsevier Science Technical Medical STM Publishing in

Reed Elsevier Science Technical & Medical (STM) Publishing in Europe Piotr Golkiewicz Account Manager Elsevier B. V

STM publishing – a highly efficient and innovative sector q STM industry employs 90, 000 globally q 36, 000 in the EU q 2, 000 publishers publish 1. 4 million articles p. a. q Researcher numbers increase 3% p. a. globally Major investment in digitalization – 90% of articles now online q q Average cost of publishing € 3, 750 per article q Cost of access per article falling to less than 1 Euro 2

Company Structure All four of Reed Elsevier's divisions are global, and each of one of them focuses on a specific market for professional information: Elsevier, Reed Elsevier’s global Science & Medical division, is the leading provider of high quality scientific, technical and medical information to the academic, research and healthcare communities. Reed Elsevier’s Legal division, Lexis. Nexis, is a global provider of authoritative legal, news, public records and business information, including tax and regulatory publications in print or online. Harcourt, Reed Elsevier's global Education division, is a leading publisher serving the Kindergarten to Grade 12 and assessment markets in the US and primary and secondary markets internationally. Reed Business, Reed Elsevier's global Business division, is a provider of magazines, exhibitions, directories, online media and marketing services across five continents. Its prestige brands serve professionals across a diverse range of industries. 3

About Elsevier q Elsevier publishes 2000 journals and over 3000 new books each year q Through Science. Direct 10 million scientists and researchers have desktop access to a service offering 8 million articles and 55 major reference works q In 2004, Elsevier launched its new abstract & indexing database, Scopus, which links users to over 265 million scientific web pages To do this we: q Maintain sales in 180+ countries q Employ over 7, 000 people in 70 offices in 26 countries of whom 1, 142 are based in The Netherlands 4

Elsevier customer groups and products Print Electronic Key Customer Groups • • • Research scientists Medical professionals Information professionals Library researchers Industrial and academic users 5

Science. Direct content 2006 e. Books (2007) 4000 titles Handbooks ~80 series Reference Works Book Series ~4 million articles 1995 - present ~4 million articles Backfiles pre 1995 ~60 titles ~160 titles 2200 journals 6

Science. Direct: More effective scientific communication Read articles before they appear in print Alert me when a new issue is published Submit a paper online Send the article to a colleague e. Mail the author Save the article to my desktop Crossref: linking to other scientific publishers 7

Overall Science. Direct Usage of Articles/Year Estimation for 2007 = 365 million 8

E-investments since 1999: Elsevier example In total, € 300 million+ invested in E-publishing technology and distribution since 1999 • Organise editorial boards • Launch new specialist journals Science. Direct, Scopus, Scirus, € 250 M+ • 7 M articles • 10 M researchers • 4, 500 institutions • 180+ countries • 310+ million downloads/year • 2. 5 M print pages Archive and promote Solicit and manage submissions Publish and E-Warehouse anddissemina Production, € 20 M Production te • 250, 000 new articles/year • 180 years of back issues scanned Author and Editorial Systems, € 10 M+ Manage peer review Edit and prepare • 500, 000 submissions • 200, 000 referees • 1 M referee reports • 40 -90% articles rejected e. Back-files, e. Reference Works, € 30 M+ • 7, 000 editors • 70, 000 ed board members • 6. 5 M authorpublisher comms These investments and functions make the difference between raw outputs of research, and 9

Meeting Researcher Needs What matters to researchers? Where are we in 2007? • Dramatic increases in access levels since 1999 1. Access 2. Quality 3. Preservation - EU libraries: 3 x-10 x more journals via Science. Direct - 40%+ annual growth in Science. Direct downloads (’ 01 -’ 06: from 14 M to 81 M) - Researchers list access to journals as 12 th among their concerns • Extremely high standards of quality control and integrity - 96% of researchers regard Peer Review as important - Elsevier: 500 k submissions, 200 k reviewers, 70 k editorial board members • Definitively published research is preserved in perpetuity - KB, Portico - 7 million articles on SD, The Lancet to 1826 • Significant increases in researcher productivity since 1999 4. Efficiency 5. Cost effectiveness - Science: only info sector less time spent researching vs. gathering ‘ 01 -’ 05 - Researchers read 25%+ articles from 2 x more journals than in print era improvements in value for money • Continuing - Moderating price increases: Elsevier 5. 5% for last few years (lowest quartile) absorbing inflation (3%), growth in articles published (3 -4%), usage (20%/yr) - E-licensing terms: many journals at substantially less than print list price -UK example (LISU): 20% decrease in average price paid per journal, ’ 99 -’ 03 -Effective price paid per Elsevier article downloaded: from € 12 to € 2 and since E-revolution began in 1999 still falling (45% annual decrease) • STM on a very positive trajectory • Question: how to progress even further without undermining current high 10

Innovative experimental dissemination models q author pays – Public Library of Science, Biomednet, financial sustainability not proven q sponsored distribution – eg Elsevier/Wellcome Trust q delayed access hybrid journals – content made freely available after embargo period, dependent on readership pattern q open archiving 11

What are we learning: access % of STM articles, 2007 Author pays journals Sponsore d articles Delayed access Open archiving <1% 7% 5 -6% Comments • ~10, 000 articles: mostly Bio. Med Central, PLo. S, Hindawi • 70% of authors believe they should not pay; others may pay for them, e. g. funding bodies • 15 -20% of journals now offer option (15+ publishers) • Estimated 2, 000 articles sponsored in total • 1% at <6 months; 5% at 12 months; 1% at 18 months+ • Primarily life and health sciences • Most journals allow pre-print and/or manuscript posting • Elsevier -5% posted as pre-prints; 1% as manuscripts -2% of total posted in institutional repositories • NIH: less than 5% of authors voluntarily post • 38% of researchers unwilling to post Very low levels of interest and uptake by researchers after several years 12

What are we learning: cost. Current trajectory: value for Likely cost impact of recent effectiveness money approaches Effective price paid per journal accessed 0% Author pays journals -10% Sponsore d articles -20% • Author-pays journal publishers raising fees • Model has no net costs savings, transfer only - Prolific institutions pay more - Those contributing fewer articles pay less -25% -30% 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 Index 1999 = 1 Delayed access • No net savings Source: LISU, 2004 • Repositories duplicate system costs • UK estimates: 15 - Costs to build IR system: £ 17 million - Costs to preserve IR system: unknown 10 - UK articles per year: 60, 000 - Cost per UK article deposited in UK IR: 5 £ 283 0 - Cost per article downloaded via SD: ~£ 2 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 ‘ 05 • Key question: what is the incremental cost € per download per article for how much - if any New approaches will either not affect or will increase total system costs incremental access? Effective price paid per article downloaded Open archiving 13

Preserving the electronic record q Elsevier has been a leader in establishing an official trusted third party archive at the National Library of the Netherlands for the electronic version of our journals. 14

Backfiles Project – 2001 - Initiative to digitize all Elsevier owned journals from 1994 to volume 1 number 1 Millions of pages $40 million for scanning Four Sea Containers and Two Air Cargo Containers 15

Lancet – volume 1, number 1, 1823 16

Special techniques to improve old page images 17

13 Mainframe computers Storage in Petabytes!

The Martini Principle – any time, any place, anywhere Authorised Users Current members of the staff of the Licensee (whether on a permanent, temporary, contract or visiting basis) and individuals who are currently studying at the Licensee’s institution, who are permitted to access the Secure Network from within the premises of the Licensee and from such other places where Authorised Users work or study, including without limitation halls of residence and lodgings and homes of Authorised Users, and who have been issued by the Licensee with a password or other authentication. Walk-in Users Persons who are not Authorised Users but who are registered as permitted users of the Licensee’s library or information service and who are permitted to access the Secure Network from computer terminals within the Library Premises. The payment of a fee in order to be registered as a Walk-in User is deemed not to constitute 19

Threat of unwarranted regulatory intervention q Concern that out of date perceptions may lead to inappropriate and damaging interventions, such as: mandating content deposit in open repositories, or v mandating author pays business model v q STM publishing is a highly innovative efficient sector Many ongoing experiments taking place with differing dissemination models v Multiple market driven reforms under way v q Regulatory intervention unwarranted and unhelpful to the competitiveness agenda 20

Conclusions • The current system is delivering significant benefits in areas that researchers value most: - Access - Quality - Preservation - Efficiency - Cost-effectiveness • These benefits are resulting from significant investment in E-technologies that publishers have made since 1999 • Any proposed policy should rigorously quantify its impact on all of these dimensions before being implemented • Publishers are continually working with the research community (policy-makers, researchers, librarians, funding bodies) to test new approaches that can deliver sustainable measurable benefits without compromising current high standards • We strongly advocate a fact-based, test-and-learn approach to ensure that net benefits for researchers are positive - One-size-fits all approaches will not work: journals dynamics vary dramatically, e. g. subject area, business model - We must have up-to-date facts to measure the impact of new approaches, e. g. on access, 21

Dziękuję za uwagę Piotr Gołkiewicz p. golkiewicz@elsevier. com