REDUCTION OF ADVERB CLAUSES TO MODIFYING PHRASES INTRODUCTION

REDUCTION OF ADVERB CLAUSES TO MODIFYING PHRASES: INTRODUCTION English Department 1

Adverb Clause: While I was walking to class, I ran into an old friend. English Department 2

Modifying Phrase: While walking to class, I ran into an old friend. English Department 3

Adverb Clause: Before I left for work, I ate breakfast. English Department 4

Modifying Phrase: Before leaving for work, I ate breakfast. English Department 5

Change Possible: While I was sitting in class, I fell asleep. English Department 6

While sitting in class, I fell asleep. English Department 7

Change Possible: While Ann was sitting in class, she fell asleep. English Department 8

While sitting in class, Ann fell asleep. English Department 9

No Change Possible: While the teacher was lecturing to the class, I fell asleep. English Department 10

No Change Possible: While we were walking home, a frog hopped across the road in front of us. English Department 11

“While lecturing to the class, I fell asleep. ” = “While I was lecturing to the class, I fell asleep. ” English Department 12

CHANGING TIME CLAUSES TO MODIFYING PHRASES English Department 13

CLAUSE: Since Mary came to this country, she has made many friends. English Department 14

PHRASE: Since coming to this country, Mary has made many friends. English Department 15

CLAUSE: After he (had) finished his homework, he went to bed. English Department 16

PHRASE: After finishing his homework, he went to bed. English Department 17

PHRASE: After having finished his homework, he went to bed. English Department 18

PHRASE: He went to bed after finishing his homework. English Department 19

EXPRESSING THE IDEA OF "DURING THE SAME" TIME IN MODIFYING PHRASES English Department 20

While I was walking down the street, I ran into an old friend. English Department 21

While walking down the street, I ran into an old friend. English Department 22

Walking down the street, I ran into an old friend. English Department 23

Hiking through the woods yesterday, we saw a bear. English Department 24

Pointing to the sentence on the board, the teacher explained the meaning of modifying phrases. English Department 25

EXPRESSING CAUSE AND EFFECT RELATIONSHIPS IN MODIFYING PHRASES English Department 26

Because she needed some money to buy a book, Sue cashed a check. English Department 27

Needing some money to buy a book, Sue cashed a check. English Department 28

Because he lacked the necessary qualifications, he was not considering for the job. English Department 29

Lacking the necessary qualifications, he was not considered for the job. English Department 30

Having seen that movie before, I don’t want to go again. English Department 31

Having seen that movie before, I didn’t want to go again. English Department 32

Because she was unable to afford a car, she bought a bicycle. English Department 33

Being unable to afford a car, she bought a bicycle. English Department 34

Unable to afford a car, she bought a bicycle. English Department 35

USING UPON + ING IN MODIFYING PHRASES English Department 36

Upon reaching the age of 21, I received my inheritance. English Department 37

When I reached the age of 21, I received my inheritance. English Department 38

On reaching the age of 21, I received my inheritance. English Department 39