Reducing Land Based Sources of Marine Ecosystem Problems

Reducing Land Based Sources of Marine Ecosystem Problems CCICED Roundtable Meeting April 27 -28, 2011

Determinants of Ecosystem Health • Water Quantity – Water resource availability • Upstream diversions • Upstream consumptive uses • Variability in precipitation • Water Quality – Upstream discharges • Municipal and industrial • Agricultural nonpoint sources • Development and use of coastal lands

Agriculture in China’s Rural Economy (gross output value 100 million yuan) 50000 45000 40000 35000 30000 25000 20000 Year Total Year Farming Year Forestry Year Animal Year Fishery 15000 10000 5000 0 1978 1980 1985 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

Efficiency in Agriculture Enhances Resilience of Food Supply System • Water conservation – saves water supply for additional water use in the future, reduces costs • Precision nitrogen fertilizer use – protects local water supplies, reduces costs • Livestock manure management – utilizes nutrients, protects local water supplies

Digesters Produce Fuel, Reduce GHG Emissions, and Lower Local Air & Water Pollution 沼气项目

Water, Biomass, & Nutrient Management in Rice Production Reduces GHG, Conserves Water, Lowers Pollution, Saves Money 水稻田项目

Precision Nitrogen Application Reduces GHG Emissions, Lowers Water Pollution, Saves Money 测土施肥 Test the Soil !!

Environmental Effects Source: http: //www. epa. gov/sequestration/pdf/greenhousegas 2005. pdf

Potential GHG Reductions

Scenarios for Agricultural GHG Reductions in China 中国��温室气体减排情景分析 Croplands/ Practices措施 CO 2 e二氧化碳当 量 Tonnes/HA/Yr Low High Cropland Area 耕地面� 106 HA/yr CO 2 e 106 Tonnes/Yr 二氧化碳当量 Low High Reduced Tillage 少耕 0. 50 2. 00 156. 3 78. 15 312. 60 Precision Fertilizer 精准施肥 0. 70 2. 00 156. 3 109. 41 312. 60 Irrigation Efficiency 提高灌 � 效率 0. 80 1. 75 58. 50 46. 80 102. 38 Rice Water&Straw 水稻田和秸秆管理 3. 00 10. 00 29. 20 87. 60 292. 00 321. 96 1019. 58 Total GHG Reductions: 温室气体减排� 量 106 Tonnes CO 2 e Source: CCICED Task Force on Rural Economy, Environment and Climate Change, 2009 来源： 国合会�村��，�境和气候�化 作�， 2009

Low Carbon Transit Card 低碳交通卡 GHG Reduction 温室气体减排 MRV • Mitigation & Adaptation �解与适� • Ecosystem Benefits 生�系�的收益 • VER regulation 自愿减排�度�章 ��，�告与核� Listing on Exchange 交易所上市 • Beijing, Shanghai, Tianjin 北京, 上海, 天津 LCTC Purchase ��低碳交通卡 Fund 基金 Farmers �民 • Shanghai, Beijing, Tianjin, Guangdong 上海，北 京，天津，广� • Green Commuting Fund �色出行基金 • Xinjiang, Sichuan 新疆，四川

Conclusions �� • The new urgency and stringency of environmental targets under the 12 th Five Year Plan require a renewed focus on policy efficiency and specific implementing mechanisms 十二五�划将提出更�格更急迫的�境目�，�要求决策者重新 ��政策的效率 • Integrated policy frameworks can achieve multiple goals simultaneously �合政策框架可以同���多个目� • The examples shown illustrate how environmental protection policies can promote “inclusive growth” and increase incomes 例�展示了�保政策如何促� “共享式增� ” • AND reduce land based sources of pollution to protect the ecosystem services of rivers and the sea