Reducing HIV Stigma Discrimination A Framework for Program

Reducing HIV Stigma & Discrimination: A Framework for Program Implementation & Measurement Actionable Drivers & Facilitators Lack of Awareness Stigma “Marking” Stigma Manifestations Stigma Outcomes Other Stigmas Anticipated Stigma Behaviors (Domains) Impacts DRIVERS Fear of HIV Infection Social Judgment Fear of Social Ramifications Fear of Economic Ramifications Internalized Stigma Intersecting Stigmas HIV Stigma Institutional Cultural FACILITATORS Individual and Community Quality of Life Experienced Stigma Uptake of HIV Services Discrimination Uptake of Support Services HIV Incidence HIV Prevalence Morbidity Mortality

Reducing HIV Stigma & Discrimination: A Framework for Program Implementation & Measurement Actionable Drivers Stigma “Marking” Lack of Awareness • Of stigma • Of harmful consequences Anticipated Stigma Behaviors: Risk Behavior Disclosure Adherence (Domains) Impacts Prejudice & stereotypes regarding: • Lack of knowledge • Irrational fears • HIV status • Drug use • Sexual behavior • Sex work • Gender • Age Fear of Social Ramifications • Own family • Community Fear of Economic Ramifications • Of illness and death • Of loss of livelihood Stigma assigned for socially discredited behaviors or characteristics Intersecting Stigmas Actionable Facilitators Institutional • Laws, policies, policy environments • Institutions (i. e. healthcare, government, schools, police, religious, media) • Power • Social support • Social assertiveness • Resilience Stigma Outcomes Social Judgment Fear of HIV Infection Individual & Community Stigma Manifestations Cultural • • Gender culture Sexual culture Health beliefs Ethics & morality Stigma assigned for HIV positive status or association with HIV+ person Internalized Stigma Experienced Stigma (outside legal purview) Discrimination (within legal purview) Uptake of HIV Services: Testing Prevention Care Treatment Uptake of Support Services: Psychosocial Legal Economic Quality of Life HIV Incidence HIV Prevalence Morbidity Mortality