Reduced background pollination Ulfstand Wennstrm Curt Almqvist Bengt

Reduced background pollination? Ulfstand Wennström Curt Almqvist Bengt Andersson

Why bother about BP? 10 %

Plus tree testing • • • Large scale progeny-tests Many locations Different environments

25 %

40% of the pollen comes from outside the orchard

25 % 20

12. 5 20 %%

Our idea

15 dec 2009

28 apr 2010

07 maj 2010

05 maj 2010

Sex tunnels, three treatments + control Treatments Control Tunnel + fan Tunnel + suplimental pollination (SP) Antal 2 2

Control

Tunnel

Tunnel + fan

Tunnel + supplemental pollen (SP)

Same clonal mix in all treatments

40 350 Flower development in seedorchard Västerhus 2011 35 300 Pollen catch 400 m NW Pollen catch mid orchard 1 30 Pollen catch mid orchard 2 Pollen catch 400 m SE 250 Pollen / mm 2 day 25 Pollen shed control Receptive ♀-flowers tunnels 200 Receptive ♀-flowers control 20 Tunnels ♀-max Control ♀-max 150 T-sum Järved (nearby) 15 100 10 50 5 0 07. май 12. май 17. май 22. май 27. май 01. июн 06. июн 11. июн 16. июн 21. июн 0 26. июн Temperature sum Pollen shed tunnels

Temperature-sum (+5°C) 500 450 400 Control Tunnel 350 300 250 200 150 One week 100 50 0 1 -май 11 -май 21 -май 31 -май 10 -июн 20 -июн 30 -июн

Cones and seeds, effect of treatment Treatment Cones/graft Seeds/cone 1000 -sw Control 39 A 595 A 12, 7 A 7, 57 C Tunnel 29 A 255 A 6, 8 B 8, 51 A Tunnel + fan 51 A 501 A 8, 6 B 8, 26 AB Tunnel + SP 54 A 685 A 10, 7 A 8, 05 BC

Cones and seeds, effect of clone Clone AC 1075 AC 3015 AC 3040 AC 3056 AC 3065 Y 3012 Y 3014 Z 2081 Y 4103 Z 4032 Cones/ Filled seeds/ Seeds/ tree (g) tree (no) Seedweight cone 11 1, 3 170 8, 35 5, 9 20 1, 3 154 8, 89 4, 5 27 1, 4 214 7, 40 6, 5 53 5, 4 721 7, 65 12, 9 90 5, 6 869 6, 52 10, 7 21 0, 6 80 7, 46 3, 4 33 2, 0 234 8, 90 7, 2 59 6, 3 845 7, 90 16, 0 3 1, 3 175 8, 33 14, 9 113 15, 7 1628 9, 56 14, 8

Pollen (g/graft), effect of treatment Treatment Pollen Control 51, 5 A Tunnel 64, 3 A Tunnel + fan 64, 6 A Tunnel + SP 58, 8 A

Do the tunnels work? Preliminary results (480 seeds, 4 clones) anlyzed with microsatellites (SSRs) Control Tunnel + fan Background pollination 23. 8 2. 2 0 Other than tunnel clones 34. 3 2. 1 0 Tunnel + SP 4. 5 0* Treatment * 48% of the fathers originated from the SP Data from Xiau-Ru Wang, Torimaru Takeshi and Jinlong Zhang at EMG Umeå University

Reduced background pollination, does it work? Yes!