Redshift due to Expansion Colour at restframe Colour

Redshift due to Expansion Colour at rest-frame Colour at 5 billion light years away （UV） §Light from distant objects on the Hubble flow is redshifted as: λ＝λ 0（１＋ｚ） ｚ：redshif t （IR） → Gamma-ray photons when the Universe is 0. 4 millon years old is now redshifted to millimeterwave (z~1000) 3

WMAP Observations of the CMB WMAP • Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (2001 at L 2) • Probe the CMB fluctuation Spectrum below the horizon scale q ~ 70 : q ~ 900 - 0. 2 (l=2 -1000 @ Spherical harmonics q =180 o / l ) q ~ 0. 20 4

WMAP Observations of the CMB Red - warm Blue - cool 5

WMAP Observations of the CMB fundemental 1 st harmonic 6

Planck （launched in 2009) 7

Planck Observations of the CMB （ 2013） 8

CMBスペクトルのパラメータ依存性 http: //www. sci. niihama-nct. ac. jp/~nagao/shikokuseminar/tsujikawa 3. pdf 9

WMAP (Planck 2015)が見つけたこと 宇宙のエネルギー構成 The content of the Universe: バリオンBaryon 4% (5%) 暗黒物質Cold Dark Matter (CDM) 23% （ 26%) ダークエネルギーDark Energy 73% (69%) ハッブル定数 The Hubble Constant : 73 km sec-1 Mpc-1 (68 km sec-1 Mpc-1) 10

Large-scale Structure Formation (CDM) 15 © Moore et al. (1999, private communication with T. Kodama)

Star-Formation Rate [Msun/yr] 主系列銀河とスターバースト銀河 Star-formation Main Sequence and Starburst t s r u b r a t S a n i M e u q Se e c n Stellar Mass [Msun] Rodighiero et al. 2011

主系列銀河の成長 Evolution of Main-Sequence galaxies • 大部分の銀河は、「主系列」に沿って、Cold Streamによ る外部からのガス供給を受けつつ、徐々に成長していく。 A majority of star-forming galaxies form a “main-sequence” (MS) in the plot of SFR vs. stellar mass. Main sequences of galaxies 100 SFR (M yr-1) s 10 St B) S rst ( u b r a S) e (M c n que 1 0. 1 n Mai Se 0. 01 Elbaz+2007, AA 468, 33

Herschel launched (14 May 2009) & discovered numerous submm galaxies 26 Credit: ESA