Redological Culture and Translation Communicative Translation and Semantic

红学文化与翻译 Redological Culture and Translation 主讲：金钏

第二讲 交际翻译法与语义翻译法 Communicative Translation and Semantic Translation

English Versions of Hongloumeng 红楼梦英译本 《红楼梦》目前已有两个完整的英译本，一是杨宪 Dream of Red Mansions 益 夫 妇 的A____________(Foreign Languages Press, Beijing, 1978), 另一是大卫霍克斯 （David Hawkes）和约翰敏福德（John Minford） The Story of the Stone 的 __________(Penguin Books Ltd. 1986)

Culture in Hongloumeng 《红楼梦》文化 《好了歌》 All Good Things Must End —杨译 All men long to be immortals Yet to riches and rank each aspires; The great ones of old, where are they now? Their graves are a mass of briars ['braiə].

Culture in Hongloumeng 《红楼梦》文化 《好了歌》 "Won-Done Song“ —霍译 Men all know that salvation should be won, But with ambition won't have done, have done. Where are the famous ones of days gone by? In grassy graves they lie now, every one.

Culture in Hongloumeng 《红楼梦》文化 “世人都晓神仙好”， 杨译：all men long to be immortals… 霍译： All men know that salvation should be won…

Communicative Translation and Semantic Translation 从翻译理论上分析，这正体现了英国翻译家 彼得纽马克（Peter Newmark）提出的“语 义翻译法”（Semantic translation）和“交际 翻译法”（Communicative translation）的区 别.

Peter Newmark（彼得 ∙ 纽马克） 英 国 翻 译 研 究 界 的 元 老 ， 现 为 英 国 萨 里 大 学 （ Surrey University）的教授。 《翻译研究途径》（Approaches to Translation, 1981） 《翻译教科书》（A Textbook of Translation, 1988） 《关于翻译》(About Translation) 《翻译研究散论》(Paragraphs on Translation)

Semantic Translation Semantic translation attempts to render, as closely as the semantic and syntactic structures of the second language allow, the exact contextual meaning of the original. 纽马克认为语义翻译试图在译入语的语义和 句法结构允许的范围内传达原著的确切上下 文意义。

Communicative Translation Communicative translation attempts to produce on its readers an effect as close as possible to that obtained on the readers of the original. 而交� 翻� � � 文� 者� 生一 种效果，� 效果要尽可能接近原文� � 者所� 生的效果。

Difference between Communicative Translation and Semantic Translation 1) The semantic form adheres more to literal translation while the communicative strategy is more concerned with the overall sense of the text.

Difference between Communicative Translation and Semantic Translation 2) Semantic translation is more literal; it gives highest priority to the meaning and form of the original. Communicative translation is freer, and gives priority to the effectiveness of the message to be communicated. It focuses on factors such as readability and naturalness.

Cultural Translation of Hongloumeng 例 2 秦氏对王熙凤说道：“婶子好痴也，否极 泰来，荣辱自古周而复始，岂人力可能常保 的。”(13回） 杨译： “Fortune follows calamity [ kə'læmiti]灾 难 as disgrace follows honor. This has been so from time immemorial [imi'mɔ: riəl]太古的. ”

Cultural Translation of Hongloumeng “否极泰来，荣辱自古周而复始，岂人力可能 常保的。”(13回） 霍译：“Honor and disgrace follow each other in an unending cycle. No human power can arrest that cycle and hold it permanently in one position. ”

Cultural Translation of Hongloumeng 例 3 林黛玉著有《问菊》一诗，其中有一句“鸿 归蛰病可相思”(38回） 杨译: When swans fly off, crickets chirp, does your heart ache?

Cultural Translation of Hongloumeng “鸿归蛰病可相思” 霍� : The geese return; the crickets mourns his fate. “mourns”一词译出了诗句的凄凉意 境，使译语读者感受到与原语读者 同样的感染力。

Cultural Translation of Hongloumeng 生米煮成熟饭 霍译：When she sees that the rice is cooked and knows that it can’t be uncooked, she’ll have to put up with it. 霍 译 在 语 义 翻 译 的 基 础 上 添 加 “and knows that it can’t be uncooked”是从交 际角度出发，便于译文读者理解。

How to translate cultural connotations in Hongloumeng ? Hawkes： “but if I can convey to the reader even a fraction of the pleasure this Chinese novel has given me, I shall not have lived in vain. ”

Culture is diverse. So is language. Languages carry culture and are controlled by culture. Different countries and nations have different nature, environment, history, religion and ideology etc. These differences are reflected by their language and culture.

Hong Loumeng features two intertwined plot lines. One is the sad but romantic love story of a young nobleman and his struggles within the cocoon of feudal rules. The second involves the decline and fall of the noble family and reflects the dramatic social upheavals(变动) of 18 thcentury China. Cao Xueqin, the author, never finished the book, leaving many unsolved mysteries that remain a source of interest for academics to this day.