Redefining Role of Libraries and Librarians in Digital
Redefining Role of Libraries and Librarians in Digital Era KEDL 2019 Breakaway Session-Challenges and Approaches of Library Professionals in the Era of Digital Library 9 TH – 11 TH DECEMBER 2019 SEMINAR HALL – IIT DELHI, INDIA
Professor Ramesh C. Gaur, is currently working as Dean & Director (Lib. &Inf. ) Indira Gandhi National Centre for the Arts (IGNCA), Ministry of Culture, Government of India, New Delhi. Prior to this, he was the University Librarian, Jawaharlal Nehru University (JNU), New Delhi, India (2011 -2018). His past assignments includes –TIFR-Mumbai, CSIR-CRRI, IMT & MDI etc. A Fulbright scholar (VT, USA), Dr. Gaur has visited over 25 countries in Asia, Europe including USA and Australia etc in relation to various assignments related to Digital Library and Allied Area. He has received over 12 national and international honours and awards for his exemplary works in his chosen filed. He is Member of many National and International committees- International Advisory Committee (IAC) UNESCO Memory of the World (Mo. W) Programme, Governing Council-INFLIBNET, Member-International Consultative Committee on Digital Dunhuang, China, NDLTD Board of Directors, IFLA RSCAO and ARL Section, UGC National Committee on Plagiarism Regulations 2018, UGC National Committee for Implementation of Submission and Access to Electronic Theses and Dissertations in Universities in India, He is the Member of Editorial /Advisory Board / Guest Editor in several International and National Journals. In over 28 year’s professional career, he has authored and edited 8 books, has published over 60+ articles /papers and has presented / delivered over 400 papers / talks in various national and international conferences etc
Status and Image § § § § Everything is available on Internet Invisibility – librarians position is largely invisible. Public has no idea of what a librarian actually does. Quality of the service – users generally have almost had no idea about the kind of services that the librarian provide nor about the quality of service they render. Low Expectations – users of libraries have low expectations from the quality service of a librarian Economics – libraries contribute little if any to the economic growth of the country Poor image – a female image has a negative effect on the status of an occupation Dull image – characteristics of a librarian, dull, strict
Librarian’s characters in Indian TV serials and Movies
Why Libraries and Librarians are Still Extremely Important �Not everything is available on the internet �The amazing amount of useful information on the web has, for some, engendered the false assumption everything can be found online. It’s simply not true. �Digital libraries are not the internet �A fundamental understanding of what the internet is – and what it isn’t – can help more clearly define what a library is, and why libraries are still extremely important.
Why Libraries and Librarians are Still Extremely Important. . 1 �Libraries aren’t just books �Technology is integrating itself into the library system, not bulldozing it. Pushing this trend to its logical extreme (although it’s likely not to happen), we could eventually see libraries’ entire stacks relegated to databases, and have books only accessible digitally. So where does that leave librarians? Are they being overtaken by technology, the timeless enemy of labor? �Technology is integrating itself into the library system, not bulldozing it. Pushing this trend to its logical extreme (although it’s likely not go this far), we could eventually see libraries’ entire stacks relegated to databases, and only be able to access books digitally.
Why Libraries and Librarians are Still Extremely Important. . 2 �Like businesses, digital libraries still need human staffing �Even online businesses rely on quality support for better sales and customer satisfaction. The availability of email, phone and live chat services improve the experience of people seeking goods and services. The same goes for people seeking information.
Why Libraries and Librarians are Still Extremely Important. . 3 �We just can’t count on physical libraries disappearing � Physical libraries won’t ever go away. Even as Google Book Search picks up the pace and libraries finance their own digitization projects, the future of physical library space continues to be necessary. � This is because many libraries aren’t digitizing yet and many may never digitize. There’s a good reason: it’s expensive. At a low estimate of $10 per book (and probably much more for older, more delicate works), digitizing an entire library of, say, more than 10, 000 books – well, it adds up. And for many library users, they still depend on this traditional, effective approach to pinpointing information with onsite computers or librarians available to assist them.
Why Libraries and Librarians are Still Extremely Important. . 4 �Google Book Search “don’t work” �If a Google-style indexing of all the world’s books were to mirror the company’s well-known search service, one might have that much more fodder for the argument against keeping libraries around. After all, Google has great technology for searching the web, right? Couldn’t we just bypass libraries? �But experts point out that Google Book Search is far off from such user-friendliness as experienced with the company’s internet search service
Why Libraries and Librarians are Still Extremely Important. . 5 �Physical libraries can adapt to cultural change � Less like “warehouses”, was one of the conclusions, and more like “intellectual crossroads for working, learning, teaching, and new types of programs �Physical libraries are adapting to cultural change � Washington State University director of libraries Virginia Steel, for example, is a proponent of maximizing the social and interactive nature of physical library space. Group study, art exhibits, food and coffee – talking, not whispering; this is the new library. It’s not obsolete, it’s just changing
Why Libraries and Librarians are Still Extremely Important… 6 �Eliminating libraries would cut short an important process of cultural evolution �The library that we are most familiar with today – a public or academic institution that lends out books for free – is a product of the democratization of knowledge. In the old days, books weren’t always so affordable, and private libraries, or book clubs, were a privilege of the rich. This started changing during the 1800’s, with more public libraries popping up and the invention of the Dewey Decimal Classification system to standardize the catalogues and indexes.
Why Libraries and Librarians are Still Extremely Important… 7 �The internet isn’t DIY � In reality, the quality of the web depends on guidance from the academic, library model. While moderators do have brush to clear in the new and savage cyber-scape, librarians have trail blazed significant parts of the journey. �Wisdom of crowds is untrustworthy, because of the tipping point � The highly social nature of the web therefore makes it highly susceptible to, for example, sensationalized, low-quality information with the sole merit of being popular. Libraries, in contrast, provide quality control in the form of a stopgap. Only information that is carefully vetted is allowed in.
Why Libraries and Librarians are Still Extremely Important… 8 �Librarians are the irreplaceable counterparts to web moderators � Individuals who voluntarily devote their time to moderating online forums and wikis are playing a similar role to librarians who oversee the stacks – and those who visit the stacks. � The chief difference between librarians and moderators is that while the former guides users through a collection of highly authoritative, published works, the moderator is responsible for taking the helm as consensus is created. �Unlike moderators, librarians must straddle the line between libraries and the internet
Why Libraries and Librarians are Still Extremely Important… 9 �The internet is a mess �The internet in very few ways resembles a library. A library provides a clear, standardized set of easily retrievable resources �The internet is subject to manipulation �As long as the bright minds behind Google are coming up with a better search algorithm, the bright minds of search engine optimizers will continue to crack it
Why Libraries and Librarians are Still Extremely Important… 10 �Libraries’ collections employ a well-formulated system of citation � Books and journals found in libraries will have been published under rigorous guidelines of citation and accuracy and are thereby allowed into libraries’ collections. � These standards are simply not imposed on websites �It can be hard to isolate concise information on the internet � Consuming 900 pages on the intellectual history of Russia is an experience unique to the book. In general, the book provides a focused, yet comprehensive study that summarizes years of research by an author – or team of authors – who have devoted their academic to a particular subject area.
Why Libraries and Librarians are Still Extremely Important. . 11 �Libraries are stable while the web is transient �In an effort to improve their service and shake out the spammers, search engines are constantly updating their algorithms. Often, however, collateral damage will knock out innocent sites including, perhaps, authoritative resources. �In addition, websites commonly go offline or their addresses change. �Libraries, on the other hand, have a well-accounted-for stock of available resources and a standard indexing system that will deliver stable, reliable results consistently.
Why Libraries and Librarians are Still Extremely Important. . 12 �Libraries can be surprisingly helpful for news collections and archives � Libraries continue to subscribe and stock a certain list of newspapers, and archive the back issues. This effort may seem humble alongside the lengthy lists of online news aggregators and instantaneous access to articles published within the minute. � Libraries often provide freely accessible issues of major periodicals that would otherwise require online subscription, like many sections of the New York Times � In addition, archives often disappear offline, or become increasingly expensive online.
Why Libraries and Librarians are Still Extremely Important… 13 �Not everyone has access to the internet �In less developed nations or even poorer parts of the United States, library access is often the only clear-cut way for an individual to conduct serious research. �There at least two major reasons that the internet may not provide even an illusory alternative to libraries. Firstly, online access may be much more difficult to attain than library access. � Secondly, even if internet access is obtained, the lack of technological education in poorer areas of the world will render the technology much less useful than it would be for the person who has more experience navigating the web. �
Why Libraries and Librarians are Still Extremely Important… 14 � Not everyone can afford books � Outside of developed nations, books are more rare and often more expensive than their first-world counterparts � Libraries are a stopgap to anti-intellectualism � It’s not that the internet is anti-intellectual; its academic roots and the immense quantity of scholarly sites certainly attest to it being a smart medium � But for some, the alluring immediacy of the internet can lead to the false impression that only immediate, interactive and on-the-spot online discussion is of value. Dusty books on tall shelves then seem to represent stagnant knowledge, and their curators (librarians), behind the times. Books and reading easily gets regarded as elitist and inactive, while blogging becomes the here-and-now.
Changing research behaviours of Users �Recent studies into research behaviors of library users have all resulted in roughly the same conclusions. Users are often confused by the complexities of navigating library websites and resources and therefore bypass the library in favor of the convenience of starting their research with Google and other open Web search engines. (Law, 2009 [pdf]) As a result, the importance of the role of the library as a gateway for locating information has diminished over time and the library is increasingly dis-intermediated from the actual research process. (Housewright and Shonfeld, 2008) And, so to improve their chances of meeting users needs, libraries need to provide library systems that look and function more in line with Google, Amazon and other open Web search engines. (OCLC/JISC, 2010 [pdf]
What is Deep Web? The deep web, invisible web, or hidden web are parts of the World Wide Web whose contents are not indexed by standard web search engines. The opposite term to the deep web is the surface web, which is accessible to anyone using the Internet ~Wikipedia
Searcher’s Frustration… “I don’t want to search…. I just want to find!” “Just give me the Answer…. And make sure it’s right!”
Google Trustworthiness?
Why do we use Google • Simple • Easy • Fast • Updated Regularly But the problem is the mixed bag of results that Google throws out • Huge Knowledge Base So what is the solution for this?
Present Deep Web Search Scenario �Federated Search �Google’s surfacing �Meta Search or Discovery
Federated Search ILS Data Digital Collections Search: Pro. Quest Search Results EBSCOhost … MLA Bibliography ABC-CLIO Real-time query and responses
Federated Search ILS Data Digital Collections Search: Pro. Quest Search Results EBSCOhost … MLA Bibliography ABC-CLIO Real-time query and responses
Science Publishers Taylor & Francis Elsevier Catalogue record Library 2 nd Floor Journal Article e. Book Springer
Semantic Search Tools and Databases � � � Semantic search tools depend on replicating the way the human brain thinks and categorizes information to ensure more relevant searches. Give some of these semantic tools and databases a try. Zotero. Firefox users will like this add-on that helps you organize your research material by collecting, managing, and citing any references from Internet research. Freebase. This community-powered database includes information on millions of topics. Powerset. Enter a topic, phrase, or question to find information from Wikipedia with this semantic application. Kartoo. Enter any keyword to receive a visual map of the topics that pertain to your keyword. Hover your mouse over each to get a thumbnail of the website. DBpedia. Another Wikipedia resource, ask complex questions with this semantic program to get results from within Wikipedia. Quintura. Entering your search term will create a cloud of related terms as well as a list of links. Hover one of the words or phrases in the cloud to get an entirely different list of links. [true knowledge]. Help with current beta testing at this search engine or try their Quiz Bot that finds answers to your questions. Stumpedia. This search engine relies on its users to index, organize, and review information coming from the Internet. Evri. This search engine provides you with highly relevant results from articles, papers, blogs, images, audio, and video on the Internet. Gnod. When you search for books, music, movies and people on this search engine, it remembers your interests and focuses the search results in that direction. Boxxet. Search for what interests you and you will get results from the "best of" news, blogs, videos, photos, and more. Type in your keyword and in addition to the latest news on the topic, you will also receive search results, online collections, and more.
Meta-Search Engines � Meta-search engines use the resources of many different search engines to gather the most results possible. Many of these will also eliminate duplicates � and classify results to enhance your search experience. � Surf. Wax. This search engine works very well for reaching deep into the web for information. � Academic Index. Created by the former chair of Texas Association of School Librarians, this metasearch engine only pulls from databases and resources that are approved by librarians and educators. � Infomine has been built by a pool of libraries in the United States. � Clusty searches through top search engines, then clusters the results so that information that may have been hidden deep in the search results is now readily available. � Dogpile searches rely on several top search engines for the results then removes duplicates and strives to present only relevant results. � Turbo 10. This meta-search engine is specifically designed to search the deep web for information. � Multiple Search. Save yourself the work by using this search engine that looks among major search engines, social networks, flickr, Wikipedia, and many more sites. � Mamma. Click on the Power Search option to customize your search experience with this metasearch engine. � World Curry Guide. This meta-search tool with a strong European influence has been around since 1997 and is still growing strong.
General Search Engines and Databases These databases and search engines for databases will provide information from places on the Internet most typical search engines cannot. � Deep. Dyve. One of the newest search engines specifically targeted at exploring the deep web, this one is available after you sign up for a free membership. � OAIster. Search for digital items with this tool that provides 12 million resources from over 800 repositories. � direct search. Search through all the direct search databases or select a specific one with this tool. � Closer. Look Search for information on health, drugs and medicine, city guides, company profiles, and Canadian airfares with this customized search engine that specializes in the deep web. � Northern Light Search. Find information with the quick search or browse through other search tools here. � Yahoo! Search Subscriptions. Use this tool to combine a search on Yahoo! with searches in journals where you have subscriptions such as Wall Street Journal and New England Journal of Medicine. � Librarians’ Internet Index (LII) is a publicly-funded website and weekly newsletter serving California, the nation, and the world. . � The WWW Virtual Library. One of the oldest databases of information available on the web, this site allows you to search by keyword or category.
Academic Search Engines and Databases � The world of academia has many databases not accessible by Google and Yahoo!, so give these databases and search engines a try if you need scholarly information. � Google Scholar. Find information among academic journals with this tool. � World. Cat. Use this tool to find items in libraries including books, CDs, DVDs, and articles. � get. CITED. This database of academic journal articles and book chapters also includes a discussion forum. � Microsoft Libra. If you are searching for computer science academic research, then Libra will help you find what you need. � BASE – Bielefeld Academic Search Engine. This multi-disciplinary search engine focuses on academic research and is available in German, Polish, and Spanish as well as English. � yovisto. This search engine is an academic video search tool that provides lectures and more. � AJOL – African Journals Online. Search academic research published in AJOL with this search engine. � High. Wire Press. From Stanford, use this tool to access thousands of peer-reviewed journals and full-text articles. � Meta. Press. This tool claims to be the "world’s largest scholarly content host" and provides results from journals, books, reference material, and more. � Open. J-Gate. Access over 4500 open journals with this tool that allows you to restrict your search to peer-reviewed journals or professional and industry journals. � Directory of Open Access Journals. This journal search tool provides access to over 3700 top "quality controlled" journals. � Intute. The resources here all hand-selected and specifically for education and research purposes. � Virtual Learning Resource Center. This tool provides links to thousands of academic research sites to help students at any level find the best information for their Internet research projects. � Gateway to 21 st Century Skills. This resource for educators is sponsored by the US Department of Education and provides information from a variety of places on the Internet. � Mag. Bot. This search engine provides journal and magazine articles on topics relevant to students and their teachers. � Michigan e. Library. Find full-text articles as well as specialized databases available for searching.
Scientific Search Engines and Databases � The scientific community keeps many databases that can provide a huge amount of information but may not show up in searches through an ordinary search engine. Check these out to see if you can find what you need to know. � Science. gov. This search engine offers specific categories including agriculture and food, biology and nature, Earth and ocean sciences, health and medicine, and more. � World. Wide. Science. org. Search for science information with this connection to international science databases and portals. � Cite. Seer. IST. This search engine and digital library will help you find information within scientific literature. � Scirus has a pure scientific focus. It is a far reaching research engine that can scour journals, scientists’ homepages, courseware, pre-print server material, patents and institutional intranets. � Scopus. Find academic information among science, technology, medicine, and social science categories. � Go. Pub. Med. Search for biomedical texts with this search engine that accesses Pub. Med articles. � the Gene Ontology. Search the Gene Ontology database for genes, proteins, or Gene Ontology terms. � Pub. Focus. This search engine searches Medline and Pub. Med for information on articles, authors, and publishing trends. � Scitation. Find over one million scientific papers from journals, conferences, magazines, and other sources with this tool.
Ambience
Cyber Library
Space to implement BYOD
Library needs of differently-abled users
New Library Website
Institutional Repository
strengthen your infrastructure
JNU Full Text Downloads has increased after implementation of Discovery 250000 rs 200000 150000 100000 % t 207513 Projected Full Text s Projected I 41 4 JNU Usage 110955 Full Text 54164 Full Text 50000 0 3 9. 8 ea r nc n ei ee r h a ye 69171 Full Text 4696 Full Text 2012 2013 2014 2015 Updated 30 th April 2015
Single Window Search- Google like search facilities through web-scale Discovery Technology to all e-resources available at Central Library, JNU
Group Learning
Creation of Research and Information Support Services � Access to language learning tools i. e. . Grammarly � Access to plagiarism detection tools like Turnitin � Electronic document delivery system Creation of database of synopses/research topics undertaken by faculty and students � Creation of research profile/citation profile of faculty Setting up of article alert facilities � Training on reference management tools like Mendeley, Endnote and Zotero � Organisation of plagiarism workshop � Organisation of other workshop of how to write and get it published in academic journals and books
Smart Libraries-Smart Librarians �Fully updated in use of new and emerging tools and technologies �Proactive, creative and innovative � 24 x 7 Librarian �Should be a teaching Research Librarian �Trendsetter �Outbox thinking �A friend, philosopher and guide
TRANSFORMATIONAL LEADERSHIP �Identifying and articulating a Vision �Providing an Appropriate Model �Fostering the Acceptance of Group Goals �High Performance Expectations �Providing Individualized Support �Intellectual Stimulation
For Any further information / question Please feel free To write to me rcgaur 66@gmail. com gaur@ignca. nic. in
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