Recording of Body Temperature Recording of Body Temperature

Recording of Body Temperature

Recording of Body Temperature Objectives: To know the physiological status of animal Assessment: Palpation Clinical Symptoms Digital / laboratory thermometer

Procedure The body temperature should be taken from the animal when the animal is in a normal condition. The diurnal variation should be observed e. g. T. B. – rise in morning temperature than evening. Check the clinical thermometer and mercury column and then shake the mercury column below the marking of thermometer.

Procedure Moist or lubricate the mercury bulb to facilitate entry. Insert the bulb in such a way that it touches the mucosa of rectum/vagina. Keep thermometer inside for at least two minutes. Take out thermometer, wipe with cotton, and record the height of mercury.

Variation Conditions showing variation in normal body temp. : Hypothermia: Subnormal temperature is observed in following conditions: Cold environment, old animal, emaciated animal, shock, severe hemorrahage, milk fever, acute impaction of rumen, profuse diarrhoea, advance toxaemia during anesthesia or sedation and few minutes before death and hypothyroidism.

Variation Hyperthermia/Heart stroke: Occurs usually in summer season, heavy exercise, poor ventilation, overcrowding, animals with long hair and fatty animals, and in humid condition.

Factors affecting body temperature Age: Young age – higher temperature, old age – lower temperature. Sex: Female having higher temperature than male. Body weight: Higher body weight lowers temperature, lower body weight higher temperature. Feeding, ingestion, mastication and digestion – increase in temperature. Drinking of chilled water lowers the temperature.

Factors affecting body temperature Pregnancy: At terminal part of the pregnancy in some of the animals decrease in temperature, while in some species increase in temperature, e. g. in sow increase in temperature at terminal part of pregnancy. However, in bitch, decrease in temperature at terminal part of pregnancy. Excitement: Increase in body temperature.

Factors affecting body temperature Pain: Increase in body temperature. Estrus: Day of estrus increase in temperature. Exercise: Prolonged exercise increases temperature. Rectal affection. Infectious disease: In acute case there is increase in temperature. Environment: In summer, body temperature goes up, while in winter body temperature becomes low.

Fever It is a pathological state of increase heat production due to increased metabolism and decreased heat loss. It is a symptom complex involving hyperthermia, toxaemia. Slight rise in temperature is known as mild fever, while 2 -3 o. F, rise in temperature is known as hyperpyrexia.

Types Typical fever/simple fever: Fever in which temperature is elevated for several day with mild fluctuation of less than 2 o. F, e. g. pneumonia or any bacterial infection. Transient fever: Simple fever which develops and subsides within 2448 hours, e. g. bovine ephemeral fever.

Types Intermittent fever: Short period fever for 2 -3 days with nonfebrile period in a regular pattern, e. g. trypanosomiasis, babesiosis, encephalomyelitis. Recurrent fever: Long periods of fever with long non-febrile period, e. g. tick borne encephalitis.

Types Undulant fever: Mild to severe fever for a long period at irregular interval, e. g. brucellosis in human being. Induced /Protein fever: The fever is induced by parentreal injection of diagnostic reagent, e. g. T. B. testing, Mallein testing. Biphasic fever: One bout of fever which falls to normal, followed by another bout of fever e. g. canine distemper, louping ill, blue tongue, malaria.

Reference Range Species Horses Cattle Goat Sheep Dog Cat Poultry Camel Donkey Elephant Primate Range (o. F) 99 -100. 5 100 -102. 5 101. 5 -104. 5 102 -104 101. 5 -102. 5 100 -102. 5 105 -109. 4 93. 6 -105. 3 97. 5 -101. 1 97. 6 -98 - Average Temperature 100. 5 101. 5 103 102 101 107 99. 5 99. 3 97. 7

Conversation Formula Degree 0 C = Temperature in 0 C= A-32× 5/9 (0. 5) = Temp. in 0 F Degree 0 F = B× 9/5 (1. 8)+32 Where B = Temp. in 0 C Where A