RECONSTRUCTION What were the political economic and social

RECONSTRUCTION What were the political, economic and social effects of the Civil War?

Political: Lincoln’s 10% Plan 1) When 10% of voting pop. takes an oath of loyalty, that state can begin re-admission to US 2) When state adopts 13 th Amendment, it will be readmitted and confederates get a pardon Radical Republicans in Congress don’t think the plan goes far enough. Make it tougher!! * Lincoln assassinated by John Wilkes Booth before plan takes effect *

Political: President Johnson’s Plan « Similar to Lincoln’s but high-ranking officials must directly ask for pardon « Johnson pardons 13 K Confeds, “White Man alone must manage South” Political: Radical Republicans in Congress Plan 1) Freedman’s Bureau – Gov agency to help ex-slaves (Johnson vetoes, Congress overrides veto) 2) Civil Rights Act of 1866 - forbids discriminatory laws (Johnson vetoes, Congress overrides) 3) 14 th Amendment – all people born in US (or naturalized) are citizens, states can’t deny rights to citizens 4) 15 th Amendment – citizen cannot be denied right to vote based on race

Political: Reconstruction & Impeachment « 1867: Congress passes Reconstruction Act (since Southerners still denying Freed Blacks rights) « South divided into 5 military zones until they ratify 14 th & 15 th Amendments, Johnson vetoes bill, Congress overrides « Rad Reps pass laws taking power away from President, Johnson defies them « Johnson impeached by House of Reps, found not guilty in the Senate – Johnson remains in office

Political: Post War Elections • Civil War hero, Ulysses S. Grant, wins presidency, 500 K blacks vote • 1870: Hiram Revels: 1 st African American Senator • 16 Af-Americans elected to House of Reps during Reconstruction

Economic: the “New South” • So. economy struggles, high inflation, low property values • Carpetbaggers from North moving to South to take advantage of low prices, Scalawags (poor southerners) resent this • Republicans try to fix economy creating public works jobs • Democrats (former Confederates) oppose Rep. plan – favor sharecropping, encourage freed slaves to return to plantation

Social: End of Reconstruction • Ku Klux Klan (KKK) uses scare tactics, kills 20 K • 1872: Freedmen’s Bureau funding ceases, 1873 Bank panic • So. Democrats regain power, pass Black Codes (jobs/property) • 1876 Election: dispute over who won most electoral votes • Compromise of 1877: Southern Democrats will vote for Republican Rutherford Hayes if Hayes ends Reconstruction • Hayes ends reconstruction, South begins passing Jim Crow Laws (Incl. poll taxes and segregation)