Reconstruction West Germany Miracle Economic recovery Fueled by
Reconstruction
West Germany “Miracle” Economic recovery Fueled by Western assistance the German economy flourishes Create a market economy Inherit techniques from the west Provide housing and jobs for East German refugees Even today unions and businesses work closely together (German Model) Deutsch mark becomes one of most stable currencies
West Germany Politics Konrad Adenauer is first chancellor of West Germany Anti-communist who aligns with the west Oversees the German “miracle” West Germany joins NATO Encourages easterners to flee to the west Many do, especially in Berlin Creation of the Berlin Wall Anyone crossing will be shot
Britain Clement Atlee become Prime Minister The people vote the Churchill’s conservative party out of power Labor Party creates the welfare state The government takes responsibility for social welfare Medical care, nationalized the bank, rails, and utilities There is still private industry England lags in industrial recovery Lost many men in the war Remaining colonies are costly
Britain Conservative party regains power Churchill PM again Reversed some of the Labor party’s policies General outline is still there Continued to lag behind Europe
France Creates the 4 th republic People want a new government after the war Begin a slow road to recovery helped along by the United States Doesn’t last long Falls in the 50 s on the brink of civil war Algeria wage a bloody war to gain independence Military wants to regain some lost prestige after 1940 defeat
France The 5 th Republic and Charles de Gaulle A strong presidential democracy Removes troops from NATO command Maintains political membership of NATO Creates close ties with West German chancellor Offset US and UK influence in Europe Strikes and protests begin in France De Gaulle dissolves National Assembly and calls for elections Resigns his post when the people reject reforms
Soviet Union Stalin Dies After a brief power struggle Nikita Khrushchev emerges Begin destalinization Freedom of political prisoners, the arts, etc. Local farmers and factory managers given control
Soviet Union Relations with the U. S. Khrushchev wants to improve western relations Doesn’t work well U 2 plane shot down 1960 Berlin wall goes up 1961 Cuban Missile Crisis 1962
Eastern Europe Communist bloc leaders accept Marxist-Leninist doctrine People don’t always know what’s good for them Command economies The government controls all economic decisions Economic recovery lags behind western Europe Small revolts in nations Quickly put down by Warsaw pact troops
United States Domestic affairs Economic boom from post war prosperity Joseph Mc. Carthy and the Red Scare The civil rights movement
United States Foreign Policy SEATO South East Asia Treaty Organization NATO for southeast Asia Fails in 1977 after US pulls out Cuban Missile Crisis 13 day standoff between the United States and USSR The world teeters on the brink of war Vietnam conflict Thousands die
Canada Relies on the united states for protection UK cant really help them anymore The radar detection system DEW (distant early warning) line Would be able to detect soviet missiles fired at them Joins NATO
Canada Economic boom after the war Similar to the united states Shared the wealth with other nations to rebuild Farming and timber are large industries
Canada Succession of Quebec has always been French Nationalistic More inspired by a visit from Charles de Gaulle In 1980 government of Quebec allowed voters to decide Failed the referendum Similar vote in 1995 showed 49. 4% in favor
End of Communism
Soviet Union under Brezhnev Soviet Leader in the 1970 s Like Stalin but not as bad Stated he will intervene in any satellite nation revolting Attempts to strengthen ties with the west West distrustful of his double standard Was too intolerant to people at home
Soviet Union under Brezhnev Economy is still very weak By 1982 economic reforms evident Brezhnev dies Succession of short lasting leaders until 1985
Mikael Gorbachev and Reforms Perestroika and glasnost Perestroika means restructuring Relaxed government control of the economy Lessens military spending Glasnost means openness Eased restrictions on dissent People are allowed to speak more freely
Mikael Gorbachev and Reforms Perestroika and glasnost Relations improve with United States Sign treaties with Reagan to reduce arms Fall of the Berlin wall 1989 Germany unites in 1990
Mikael Gorbachev and Reforms The end of the Soviet Union Gorbachev’s reforms begins the fall of the Soviet Union Freedom of speech increase tensions between ethnic groups Fighting breaks out in southern soviet nations Soviet nations demand independence Crackdown by Gorbachev leads to dissent
Mikael Gorbachev and Reforms End of the Soviet Union (cont) 1991 Coup in Russia arrests Gorbachev President Boris Yeltsin opposes the coup Yeltsin emerges as the new leader Soviet Union ceases to exist by end of 1991
Europe after Communism Russia’s place in the world Dealing with numerous internal struggles related to communism Yeltsin only maintains power by using the military Chechnya wants to become independent Continual fighting
Europe after Communism Russia’s Place in the world Commonwealth of Independent States A defense and economic alliance of former soviet states Improved relations with the United States Vladimir Putin becomes president of Russia
Europe after Communism Yugoslavia Made up of 6 different nations with many ethnic groups All of these groups begin revolting Gain independence in 1992 Still tensions and occasional fighting
Europe after Communism Yugoslavia The whole Balkan area is just a mess Bosnian Serbs want to control the country UN and NATO forces enter to maintain peace
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