Reconstruction Unit Five Emancipation Proclamation January 1 1863

Reconstruction Unit Five

Emancipation Proclamation • January 1, 1863 • Lincoln freed slaves behind Confederate lines, therefore no slaves were freed. • Made the Civil War a moral issue.

Gettysburg Address • November 1863 • Lincoln’s speech dedicating a national cemetery • One nation vs. a nation of many states

13 th Amendment • 1865 • Abolished slavery • FREE slaves

Reconstruction • 1865 -1877 • Period of rebuilding after the Civil War, during which the defeated Confederates were readmitted into the Union.

Lincoln’s 10 % Plan Forgive and forget Southern states never legally left the Union.

Radical Republicans • Congressmen who wanted to destroy the political power of former slaveholders and give African Americans full citizenship and the right to vote. • Radical Reconstruction

Scalawag • White southerner who joined the Republican Party after the Civil War for personal profit. • Viewed as a traitor to the South.

Carpetbagger • A Northerner who moved to the South after the Civil War. • Seen as an opportunist who wants to take advantage of Southerners.

Freedmen’s Bureau • Created by Congress to help former slaves • Schools

Black Codes • Discriminatory laws that severely restricted African American lives.

Fourteenth Amendment • • 1868 African Americans are citizens. Equal protection Due Process

Impeachment • Formally charge with misconduct in office. • President Andrew Johnson-impeached but not found guilty.

Solid South • Southern states vote as a block for the Democratic party.

Fifteenth Amendment • Voting • No one can be kept from voting because of “race, color, or previous condition of servitude”.

Sharecropping • Poor people farm a few acres of a landowners farm (who gives them tools & seeds) and in exchange give a large amount of the harvest profits back to the landowner. • Tenant farmers rent land.

Disenfranchise • • Keep people from voting Grandfather Clause Poll Tax Literacy Tests

Jim Crow Laws • Segregation, or separation of people on the basis of race. • White only railroad cars, water fountains, parks, etc.

Plessy v. Ferguson • 1896 • Segregation legalized • “Separate but equal”

Booker T. Washington • T = Technology • African Americans should focus on learning useful labor skills, not political equality (for now). • Tuskegee Institute

W. E. B. Dubois • E = Education • Blacks should get a liberal arts education (not vocational training) to become well-educated leaders…. NOW. • Niagara Movement

Ku Klux Klan KKK Violent terrorist Organization Goal: Restore white supremacy Method: Prevent African Americans from participating in government