Reconstruction Plans Lincolns 10 Plan Pardon to all

Reconstruction Plans « Lincoln’s 10% Plan Pardon to all but the highest ranking Confederates. When 10% of the voting pop. of 1860 takes loyalty oath state would rejoin union. « 13 th Amendment – 1865: Abolishes slavery throughout the United States « Andrew Johnson’s Plan – similar to Lincoln but Confederates must appeal to him for pardon - Pardons 13, 000 former Confederates. “White men alone must rule the South. ”

« Freedmen’s Bureau – created in 1865 to assist freed slaves find homes, work, lost family & education – called “carpetbaggers” by southern whites « Black Codes - Laws is southern states restricting rights of free blacks - forced many blacks to become sharecroppers [tenant farmers]. « Johnson vetoes Freedmen’s Bureau & Civil Rights Act – overturned by Congress – 1 st time

Radical Republicans Fight Back « Radical Reconstruction: South divided into 5 military occupation districts – must ratify 14 th Amendment - giving former slave (males) citizenship rights « Johnson Fights back but is impeached – survives trial by 1 vote

The Presidential Election of 1868 • Ulysses S. Grant won by only 306, 000 votes • He only won due to victory in southern states- How? • More than 500, 000 first-time black voters supported him

Blacks in Southern Politics « The 15 th Amendment guaranteed blacks federal voting rights. 15 Black members of The House of Reps & 1 Senator - Hiram Revels of Mississippi * When is the next black Senator elected in a Southern State?

Collapse of Reconstruction Reasons for Collapse Active opposition KKK - terrorism Bank collapse Less federal government support Panic & Depression of 1873 Amnesty Act 1872 Result of Collapse Democrats take over southern state governments 1876 Election - Hayes if end military presence “Jim Crow South” - No Civil Rights in South for 90 years