Reconstruction Period after Civil War 1865 1877 Two

Reconstruction Period after Civil War 1865 -1877

Two Plans ● Lincoln’s Plan ○ Very lenient- no punishment ○ Pardon all Confederates who swear allegiance to Union ○ Reunite country as quickly as possible ○ Criticism • Included nothing about ensuring rights and citizenship of blacks ● Johnson’s Plan ○ States swear allegiance to Union ○ Adopt 13 th Amendment ○ Criticism • • Included nothing about the needs of blacks Voting rights, land rights, and protection under the law

Radical Republicans ● Group of Republican Senators who will control Reconstruction ● Wanted to protect the rights of former slaves ○ Military Districts- send US military to protect and keep order • ○ South will be divided into 7 districts 14 th Amendment passed • • • Guarantee “Due Process” and equal rights Full citizenship former slaves States must adopt 14 th amendment to be readmitted into Union

Radical Republican Achievements ● Carpetbaggers: ● People who moved from the north to help reconstruction ● Freedmen’s Bureau ○ ○ Govt. agency- give food, medical care, clothing Set up hospitals and schools ● 13 th Amendment ○ Abolish slavery ● 14 th Amendment ○ Due process and equal rights ● 15 th Amendment ○ Universal male suffrage

Impeachment of Andrew Johnson ● Impeachment ○ Elected official breaks a law and can be removed from office ● President Andrew Johnson ○ Be impeached for violating the Tenure of Office Act • ○ Tenure of Office Act- President can’t interfere with Reconstruction efforts of Radical Republicans Impeachment Trial • • Johnson WILL NOT be impeached by one vote Johnson will not interfere again with Reconstruction

End of Reconstruction ● End with the Election of 1876 and the Hayes-Tilden Compromise (Election ends in a draw) ○ Hayes-Tilden Compromise • • ○ Republican Candidate Hayes wins presidency Republicans must withdraw the military from the South will no longer have military protection • Democrats will control states governments in the South

South After Reconstruction ● Sharecropping ○ ○ Most former slaves and poor whites will be sharecroppers Sharecropping • • Farmers who must pay rent for the land they use Most are poor and barely able to get by ● Black Codes ○ Laws passed by Southern states to limit blacks from certain things (owning guns or testifying against whites) ● Ku Klux Klan ○ Hate group formed to intimidate blacks and prevent them from voting and enjoying new freedoms (13, 14, 15 amendments)

South After Reconstruction ● Plessy v. Ferguson (1896)- US Supreme Court case that ruled on segregation- said separate but equal was Constitutional ○ Defend segregation and Jim Crow laws in the South ● Jim Crow- laws set up in South to segregate blacks and whites and provide separate facilities (restaurants, hospitals, schools, etc)

Scalawag and Carpetbagger ● Northerner who moved South during Reconstruction ● Negative view- wanted to become wealthy and take advantage of poor southerners Scalawag ● Southerner who supported the Republican party (who opposed slavery) ● Seen as sell-out by other Southerners- most white southerners will belong to Democratic party

Westward Movement Reasons to move west ● Cheap land ● Religious freedom- Mormons move to Utah ● Gold, silver- 49 ers in California ● Escape segregation and slavery

Westward Expansion Homestead Act ● Passed in 1862 ● Offered cheap land in Oklahoma and midwest states ● Agree to stay on land for 510 years Morrill-Land Grant Act ● States get money to start colleges for agriculture and technology