RECONSTRUCTION FAILS Mr Johnson APUSH Hopewell High School

RECONSTRUCTION FAILS Mr. Johnson APUSH Hopewell High School

Presidential Reconstruction: Ulysses S. Grant • Grant’s Views – Supported ______ occupation but urged ______ Republicans not to be harsh and retributive toward the south – Supported rights of ______ • Election of 1868 – Fusion of white ____ and black ______ helped Grant win many votes in south – Lingering resentment from the Civil War • Grant’s Policies – ______ Bill against KKK terror – Numerous ______: Whisky Ring, Credit Mobilier, Indian Ring – Defeated Democrats & Liberal Republican reformers in _____ election – End of ____’s Bureau – _______ of 1873 – ____ issues: railroads, settlement & Indian Wars – ______ of

African Americans in Reconstruction • Education – _____’s Bureau schools – Establishment of first black ______ in the south • Families – Some freedmen traveled in search of lost ______ – _____ were legalized by Freemen’s Bureau • Political Life – ____ were the pillars of many black communities – Black voters faced terror from white _____ groups, but elected the first black senators (Revels) and congressmen (Bruce) – Frederick _______ became a leading voice supporting full racial equality through passage of ___th and ___th amendments and serving as ambassador to • Economic Life – ______ and wartime ______ had altered southern economy – Black codes sought to restore pre-Civil War ______ system and ____ relations • _____ laws and labor _______ • _____ leasing – Many blacks became _____ or ______ farmers who didn’t own the land they worked, trapped in a cycle of ______ peonage

Home Rule, Redemption & the Solid South • Robert E. Lee – Urged Southerners to _______ and _______ the Union – Served as president of ______ College (now Washington & Lee University) – Emphasized the importance of _______ to the nation’s future • White supremacists created barriers to black _____ – _____ taxes… – _____ tests… – …______ clauses exempted white voters • Emergence of the “_______ South” – Ex-Confederates became prominent _____ leaders – Grant-era _______ weakened Republican Party – Conservative Democratic “_______” governments took control of southern states in 1870 s – South became closely _______ with Democratic Party through 1964

The Compromise of 1877 & the Legacy of Reconstruction • Disputed election of 1876 led to _______ of 1877 • – Slavery was ____ and the south was _______ into the union – _______-term successes on issues of civil rights – Reconstruction _____ established principles that were stalled for many decades but eventually became the basis for _____ decisions upholding civil rights – Rutherford _______ (R) - 185 – Samuel _____ (D) - 184 • Hayes agreed to concessions for southern Democrats – Appointment of Democrats to ____ – Funding for southern ______ and industry – Removal of federal _____ • • End of _______ ______ decisions severely limited the impact of Reconstruction Amendments – Slaughter-House Cases, 1873 – Civil Rights Cases, 1883 – Plessy v. Ferguson, 1896 • • Legalized _______ but equal Successes of Reconstruction • Failures of Reconstruction – Social and economic patterns remained largely ________ – African Americans were denied full rights of citizenship under the “______” system – The south remained the ____ region of the country for the next 100 years – The broken promises of Reconstruction were not addressed until the African American _______ movement in the mid-20 th century

“The North Won the War; the South Won the Peace”