Reconstruction Era Restoring the Union 1865 1877 Aftermath

Reconstruction Era Restoring the Union: 1865 -1877

Aftermath of War Physical Toll (destroyed): n n n 2/3 _______ of southern shipping Railroads 9, 000 miles of _________ Farmland, farm buildings and machinery Livestock 1/3 of all _______ Southern property value dropped 70 ____%

Aftermath of War Human Toll: n n Destroyed a generation of fathers, brothers and husbands 364, 000 North lost _______ soldiers (38, 000 African-Americans) 260, 000 South lost _______ soldiers (1/5 of its adult white men) Countless civilian deaths

Aftermath of War Southerners (3 groups): n n n 4 Million Black southerners: ______ freed people; looking for jobs that paid. Plantation Owners _________: lost slave labor worth $3 billion; also had worthless __________ Confederate Money Poor white southerners: job competition freedmen from ______ made finding work harder

Reconstruction Plans Lincoln’s Plan: Pardon of confederates who took oath for union 10 After _______ percent of voters swore allegiance, that state could hold elections and rejoin union. voting rights No requirement of black _______

Reconstruction Plans Radical Republicans Plan: Thought Lincoln was stepping on Congress’s toes with his plan Part of Lincoln’s own party that viewed lenient his plan too _______ Former confeds take oath to swear past and future _________ loyalty and never bare arms against United States.

Reconstruction Plans Johnson’s Plan: Pardoned southerners who swore allegiance to the union. void secession Each state was required to ________, abolish slavery and must ratify the ______________________. Thirteenth Amendment More generous to the south than Lincoln’s plan.

African-Americans Simply walked away from the plantations trying to find loved ones Tried to buy _______ but were land often unsuccessful in their attempt They could now freely ____ & read write _____, unlike when they were slaves.

Freedmen’s Bureau Congress created this in _______ March 1865 Why? To help black southerners adjust to freedom __________________ federal relief agency in U. S. First major ________ history. Although shut down in 1869, gave some 250, 000 blacks their first formal education.

Black Codes Black people could not gather Curfews: after sunset not working Vagrancy Laws: Freedmen _________; these men could be fined, whipped or sold for a year’s labor Labor Contracts: Freedmen had to sign contracts for a year of work; if quit lose all wages earned Land Restrictions: Freed people could rent land or homes only in rural areas

14 th Amendment Congress passed a Civil Rights Act but it vetoed by President Johnson 1866 -- passed this amendment that stated: All persons born or naturalized in the U. S. are citizens and must have equal protection of the laws of the country.

15 th Amendment Behind the backing of the Radical Republicans, who wanted civil rights granted to the blacks, they passed this amendment. “No citizen may be denied the right to ____ due to their color, race or vote previous condition of servitude. ”

Men in the South Carpetbaggers: Northern men who went to the south looking for profits _______, carrying a cheap carpet suitcase made of ______ scraps. Scalawags: “Scrawny Cattle” - Some men opposed secession or hated the wealthy plantation owners who started war. Criticized reconstruction gov’t as corrupt

New South Farming changes workers Planters had land but no _____; freedman had labor but no _____ land Sharecropping: Farm portion of land promised share of yield at harvest. Usually swindled out of profits by white farmers. Tenant Farming: Farmers paid rent to farm land

New South Cities: Atlanta was rebuilding after Sherman’s destruction and was becoming major force in South Railroads: Tracks were being laid down 3, 300 enough that by 1872 _____ miles were connected – an increase of 40%.

Compromise of 1877 Settled 1876 Presidential Race reconstruction in the South Ended _____________ Terms: n n n transcontinental railroad in the Create ___________ South. cabinet Bring a southern Democrat into _____ federal troops from the South. Remove all ______

End of Reconstruction Successes: n n n South Rebuilt Union and repaired the ______ Stimulated growth in South and North 14 th & 15 th Amendments passed: Civil Rights Failures: n n n Most blacks still in cycle of poverty KKK denied blacks right to vote Racist attitudes continued in both North and South