Reconstruction Era 1865 1877 Reconstruction Era The period

Reconstruction Era 1865 -1877

Reconstruction Era • The period after the civil war had ended. The Union victory in the Civil War in 1865 may have given some 4 million slaves their freedom, but the process of rebuilding the South during the Reconstruction period (1865 -1877) introduced a new set of significant challenges. • https: //youtu. be/G 34 G_Es 6 e. Ys

Lincolns Assassination • On April 14, 1965 John Wikes Booth had shot President Abraham Lincoln and his wife Mary Lincoln had attended a play called “ Our American cousin” at Ford’s Theatre in Washington D. C. At 10: 15 John had shot Lincoln, and jumped over the balcony and landed on stage breaking his leg, but he had gotten away. Booth had gotten away, that was one of the largest manhunts in history with 10, 000 federal troops. Lincoln had died during the night at 7: 22 am.

Freedmen’s Bureau • Freedmens Bureau was established on March 3, 1865 by congress. Congress had made this to help former black slaves and poor whites after the American Civil war. The war had left which many communities in ruins and destroyed the South’s plantation-based economy. Freedmens Bureau had provide food, housing, and medical aid, it also established schools. 4 million slaves had gained freedom as a result of the union winning the war. On May 1865 Union general Oliver Otis was appointed Commissioner of the bureau.

Poll Taxes • In the United States, payment of a poll tax was a prerequisite to the registration for voting in a number of states. The tax emerged in some states of the United States in the late 19 th century as part of the Jim Crow laws.

Literacy Tests • The Civil Rights Act of 1964 provided that literacy tests used as a qualification for voting in federal elections be administered wholly in writing and only to persons who had completed six years of formal education.

Grandfather Clauses & 15 th Amendment • The grandfather clause was a provision in which an old rule that continues to apply to something situations while a new rule will apply future cases. This was enacted by Seven Southren states between 1895 and 1910 to deny suffrage to African Americans. Although the U. S. Supreme Court declared in 1915 that the grandfather clause was unconstitutional because it violated equal voting rights guaranteed by the Fifteenth Amendment. The 15 th Amendment to the United States Constitution prohibits states from denying voting rights to citizens based on race, color or previous condition of servitude.

Klu Klux Klan • The Klux Klan was founded in 1866 by a former Confederate veterans. By 1870 almost every state was the KKK. The main purpose of them is to intimidate Jews, blacks, Catholics, and anybody else who wasn’t white. In 1920 is when the KKK had come back with over 4 million people nationwide. Nathan Bedford Forrest was the first leader.

th 13 & th 14 Amendment The 13 th Amendment in the Constitution says” "Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, nor any place subject to their jurisdiction. " This had abolished slavery in the United States, the 13 th Amendment was passed by congress on January 31, 1865. The 14 th amendment in the Constitution says” all persons born or naturalized in the United States”, this also was former slaves that were recently freed.

Plessy vs Fergusion • On June 7, 1892, 30 -year-old Homer Plessy was jailed for sitting in the "White" car of the East Louisiana Railroad. Plessy was concerned black but he had a light complexion. Plessy had sat in the ‘White Cart’ instead of the black cart and was arrested immediately. This case had gone all the way to the Supreme Court of the United States. The separate cart act had violated the 13 th and 14 th amendment.

Segregation & Jim Crow Laws The Jim Crow laws were to enforce raical segregation between blacks and whites. These laws lasted till 1965. Racial segregation was a system derived from the efforts of white Americans to keep African Americans in a subordinate status by denying them equal access to public facilities and ensuring that blacks lived apart from whites. Blacks had separate water fountains, eating places, bathrooms, schools, had to sit at the back of the bus, and etc. This had lasted from 1849 to 1950

Disenfranchisement • Disenfranchisement it was to deprive of a franchise, of a legal right, or of some privilege or immunity, especially to deprive them the right to vote.