Reconstruction American 1865 to 1877 Great Plains Review

Reconstruction American 1865 to 1877

Great Plains Review – Bellwork (1) • What invention or agricultural practice do you think made the biggest impact in settling the Great Plains? • What are some possible negative effects of beef-cattle raising to the environment?

Great Plains Review- Bellwork (2) • What were some of the climatic obstacles farmers faced in settling the Great Plains? • What impact did the railroad have on the life of those in the Great Plains? On the economy of the nation as a whole?

STANDARD USII. 3 A: 13 TH, 14 TH, 15 TH AMENDMENTS The student will demonstrate knowledge of the effects of Reconstruction on American life by: The impact of the 13 th, 14 th, and 15 th Amendments to the Constitution of the United States. a)

What are the basic provisions of the 13 th, 14 th, and 15 th Amendments to the Constitution of the United States?

The 13 th, 14 th, and 15 th Amendments of the United States Constitution address the issues of slavery, the guarantee equal protection under the law for all citizens, and voting rights former slave males.

13 th Amendment Bans slavery in the United States and all of its territories.

14 th Amendment • Grants citizenship to all persons born in the U. S. A. and guarantees them equal protection under the law.

15 th Amendment • ensures all citizens the right to vote regardless of race, color, or previous condition of servitude.

Summary

Review Question: • What does the 13 th Amendment state? • What does the 14 th Amendment Guarantee? • What does the 15 th Amendment Provide for? • Are these Amendments important today? WHY are they important today?

STANDARD USII 3 B -- RECONSTRUCTION The impact of Reconstruction policies on the South and North. • The Northern reconstruction policies were harsh and created problems in the South. • Reconstruction attempted to give meaning to the freedom that former enslaved African Americans had achieved.

What were the Reconstruction policies for the South? • Reconstruction policies and problems • Southern military leaders could not hold office. – Robert E. Lee and other generals could not be governor, for example. • African Americans could now hold public office. – Former slaves became senators, mayors, etc.

Civil Rights Act of 1866 • African Americans gained equal rights as a result of the Civil Rights Act of 1866, which also authorized the use of federal troops for its enforcement.

Northern soldiers supervised the South. • Northern troops were stationed all across the South to enforce the new African American rights.

The Freedman’s Bureau • The Freedmen’s Bureau was established to aid former enslaved African Americans in the South. • Many white southerners did not like the freedman’s Bureau. Why?

The Impeachment of President Johnson by the Radical Republicans In this corner…. . VS. President JOHNSON!!!!!!! In this corner…. . Secretary of War STANTON!!!!!

The Impeachment of President Johnson by the Radical Republicans • President Johnson and Secretary of War, Edwin Stanton. • Stanton was a radical republican, Pres. Johnson was not.

The Impeachment of President Johnson by the Radical Republicans • The two said negative words about each other to people in public and in private. • Pres. Johnson fired Stanton, and the radical republicans in the House of Representatives did not like it at all.

The Impeachment of President Johnson by the Radical Republicans • So, to force Pres. Johnson to do what the radical republicans wanted, the House of Representatives IMPEACHED Pres. Johnson. • The U. S. Senate held the trial as directed in the U. S. Constitution. • The Senate found Pres. Johnson INNOCENT by ONE vote!

Impeachment (Definition) • im·peach·ment •   (in Congress or a state legislature) the presentation of formal charges against a public official by the lower house, trial to be before the upper house.

The Impeachment of President Johnson by the Radical Republicans • The radical republicans were mad, but the President won. • The radical republicans would pass bills to make reconstruction tough on the south, president Johnson would VETO them.

The Impeachment of President Johnson by the Radical Republicans The WINNER IS …. . President JOHNSON!!!!!!!

The Impeachment of President Johnson by the Radical Republicans • The House and Senate would then OVERRIDE the veto (66% or more on a re-vote of the law). • The radical republicans got what they wanted, to hurt the south…even though it was not what Pres. Johnson wanted.

Carpetbaggers • Carpetbagger – someone from the north who came south to take advantage of the poor economic situation in the south. – Cared only for themselves at the expense of others! • Southerners resented Northern “carpetbaggers, ” who took advantage of the South during Reconstruction.

Black Codes • Black Codes – whites used these as a way of limiting the basic human rights and civil liberties of blacks. • Southern states adopted Black Codes to limit the economic and physical freedom of former slaves.

Armed White Man’s Leaguer and Ku Klux Klan Member Shake Hands [Over] a cowed African American Family (October 1874) http: //www. csub. edu/~gsantos/img 0053. html

Black Codes – Jim Crow Laws • Jim Crow was the name of the racial caste system between 1877 and the mid-1960 s. • Jim Crow was more than a series of rigid antiblack laws. It was a way of life.

Black Codes – Jim Crow Laws • There was no Jim Crow • a reference to the character “Jim Crow” that was a racist stage depiction of a poor and uneducated rural black • blanket term for any of this type of oppressive legislation following Reconstruction

Jim Crow Laws - Examples • Blacks could not offer their hand to shake to males and never to females! • Blacks could show no public affection to each other. • Blacks were introduced to whites not whites to blacks. • Blacks enter the BACK door of a house

Jim Crow Laws - Examples • Blacks could never comment on the appearance of a white female, accuse a white of lying or do anything that implies that whites would be inferior • Whites were to be addressed as ‘sir’, ‘boss’, ‘cap’n’ while blacks could be called ‘boy’, ‘uncle’ or worse, never Mr. or Mrs. – ‘Auntie’, ‘wench’ or ‘lady’ were applied to black ladies • Blacks could never look a white in the eyes and to do so could constitute an assault, “Reckless Eyeballing” and an arrestable offense.

Black Codes – Jim Crow Laws • Under Jim Crow, African Americans were relegated to the status of second class citizens. • Jim Crow represented the legitimization of anti-black racism.

Local Prices for Breaking Jim Crow Laws (from the Wall Street Journal, 1901)

Local Prices for Breaking Jim Crow Laws (from the Wall Street Journal, 1921)

Local Prices for Breaking Jim Crow Laws State White Black Total Louisiana 56 335 391 Maine 1 0 1 Maryland 2 27 Michigan 7 Oregon 20 1 21 Pennsylvania 2 6 8 29 South Carolina 4 156 160 1 8 South Dakota 27 0 27 Tennessee 47 204 251 141 352 493 Alabama 48 299 347 Arizona 31 0 31 Minnesota 5 4 9 Arkansas 58 226 284 Mississippi 42 539 581 California 41 2 43 Texas Missouri 53 69 122 Colorado 65 3 68 Utah 6 2 8 Montana 82 2 84 Delaware 0 1 1 Vermont 1 0 1 Nebraska 52 5 57 Florida 25 257 282 Virginia 17 83 100 Nevada 6 0 6 Georgia 39 492 531 Washington 25 1 26 New Jersey 1 1 2 Idaho 20 0 20 West Virginia 20 28 48 New Mexico 33 3 36 Illinois 15 19 34 Wisconsin 6 0 6 New York 1 1 2 Indiana 33 14 47 Wyoming 30 5 35 North Carolina 15 86 101 Iowa 17 2 19 North Dakota 13 3 16 Kansas 35 19 54 Ohio 10 16 26 1, 297 3, 446 4, 743 Kentucky 63 142 205 Oklahoma 82 40 122 Total

The Numbers Don’t Lie…. .

Why Were They Lynched? Homicides Number Percent 1, 937 40. 84 Felonious Assault 205 4. 32 Rape 912 19. 22 Attempted Rape 288 6. 07 Robbery and Theft 232 4. 89 85 1. 79 All Other Causes 1, 084 22. 85 Total 4, 743 100. 00 Insult to White Person

“BAD DEAL” End of Reconstruction The Election of 1876

Compromise over the outcome of the election of 1876. • 20 electoral votes were in dispute: – Florida – Louisiana – South Carolina FL • Each party reported its candidate had won the state. • Oregon - one elector was declared illegal (as an "elected or appointed official") and replaced.

Compromise over the outcome of the election of 1876. • election of 1876 was one of the most disputed presidential elections in American history. • Samuel J. Tilden of New York won the popular vote over Ohio's Rutherford B. Hayes. • Tilden had 184 electoral votes to Hayes' 165, with 20 votes uncounted.

Compromise over the outcome of the election of 1876. • The 20 disputed electoral votes were ultimately awarded to Hayes after a bitter legal and political battle, giving him the victory.

End of Reconstruction • Reconstruction ended in 1877 as a result of a compromise over the outcome of the election of 1876. Rutherford B. Hayes Samuel Tilden -Won popular vote -Cut “The Bad Deal” to become President! -Was elected IN CONGRESS

Film clip on the election of 1876 www. united streaming. com from

Compromise over the outcome of the election of 1876. • Many historians believe that an informal deal was struck to resolve the dispute: the Compromise of 1877. • Known as “The Bad Deal. ”

The Dark Days of Oppression Begin • Once the Union soldiers leave the South, the Jim Crow Laws become all-powerful!

The Dark Days of Oppression Begin • African American rights are trampled, and the progress in race relations are lost! • African Americans lives in many ways are now WORSE than under slavery!

Compromise over the outcome of the election of 1876. • In return for the Democrats' agreeing to Hayes' election, the Republicans agreed to withdraw federal troops from the South, ending Reconstruction.

Compromise over the outcome of the election of 1876. • The Compromise effectively ended African American rights, and Jim Crow laws spread across the South.

STANDARD USII. 3 C – LINCOLN, LEE, DOUGLASS c) describing the legacies of Abraham Lincoln, Robert E. Lee, and Frederick Douglass.

STANDARD USII. 3 C – LINCOLN, LEE, DOUGLASS What were the lasting impacts of the actions of Abraham Lincoln, Robert E. Lee, and Frederick Douglass?

Abraham Lincoln • Reconstruction plan calling for reconciliation – He Did NOT want harsh treatment of the South! • Preservation of the Union was more important than punishing the South! – Wanted to rebuild society quickly to heal people’s anger.

Robert E. Lee • Urged Southerners to reconcile with Northerners at the end of the war and reunite as Americans when some wanted to continue to fight. • Became president of Washington College, which is now known as Washington and Lee University.

Frederick Douglass • Fought for adoption of constitutional amendments that guaranteed voting rights. • Was a powerful voice for human rights and civil liberties for all.

STANDARD USII. 3 C – LINCOLN, LEE, DOUGLASS What were the lasting impacts of the actions of Abraham Lincoln, Robert E. Lee, and Frederick Douglass?