Reciprocity Gift Exchange and the Market Questions by
![Reciprocity, Gift Exchange, and the Market Questions by Casimir Jean Francois and Zachary Valentino Reciprocity, Gift Exchange, and the Market Questions by Casimir Jean Francois and Zachary Valentino](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/4c304edfa69c2345b85020a8f15ad588/image-1.jpg)
Reciprocity, Gift Exchange, and the Market Questions by Casimir Jean Francois and Zachary Valentino
![Kinds of Exchanges: Who Owes What to Whom? Kinds of Exchanges: Who Owes What to Whom?](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/4c304edfa69c2345b85020a8f15ad588/image-2.jpg)
Kinds of Exchanges: Who Owes What to Whom?
![Generalized Reciprocity • Studies of hunter-gatherers: • Sharing enforced and boasting severely punished, example Generalized Reciprocity • Studies of hunter-gatherers: • Sharing enforced and boasting severely punished, example](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/4c304edfa69c2345b85020a8f15ad588/image-3.jpg)
Generalized Reciprocity • Studies of hunter-gatherers: • Sharing enforced and boasting severely punished, example of Ju/’hoansi “Eating Christmas in the Kalahari”
![Expected Reciprocity: Kula Ring in Trobriand Islands, by Malinowski • Each trading partner is Expected Reciprocity: Kula Ring in Trobriand Islands, by Malinowski • Each trading partner is](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/4c304edfa69c2345b85020a8f15ad588/image-4.jpg)
Expected Reciprocity: Kula Ring in Trobriand Islands, by Malinowski • Each trading partner is linked to two others: one to whom he gives a cowry shell necklace (soulava) in exchange for an armband (mwali) and the other to whom he gives an armband in exchange for a necklace • The path of the gifts are remembered • “To possess is great, but to possess is to give” = the value of the object is in its circulation
![Kula Ring • The necklaces and armbands are not functional as objects • However, Kula Ring • The necklaces and armbands are not functional as objects • However,](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/4c304edfa69c2345b85020a8f15ad588/image-5.jpg)
Kula Ring • The necklaces and armbands are not functional as objects • However, this kind of exchange allowed for trust between strangers: it was accompanied by the trading of items that are useful, such as canoes, axe blades, pottery, pigs, and other items • The Kula trade allows for friendly relations to be established and for the interisland exchange of goods that are not locally available
![Kinds of Exchanges Kinds of Exchanges](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/4c304edfa69c2345b85020a8f15ad588/image-6.jpg)
Kinds of Exchanges
![Redistribution • Goods are collected from all members of the group and then redistributed Redistribution • Goods are collected from all members of the group and then redistributed](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/4c304edfa69c2345b85020a8f15ad588/image-7.jpg)
Redistribution • Goods are collected from all members of the group and then redistributed in a different way • The center where the goods are collected and redistributed reveals political power • Example in our society: taxation
![Potlatch of the Northwest Coast • A feast and gift-giving ceremony in a chief Potlatch of the Northwest Coast • A feast and gift-giving ceremony in a chief](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/4c304edfa69c2345b85020a8f15ad588/image-8.jpg)
Potlatch of the Northwest Coast • A feast and gift-giving ceremony in a chief distributed many kinds of wealth (blankets, cooking pots, wooden boxes, boats, fish oil, flour) to his people and those of other villages as a sign of prestige and wealth • The more elaborate the gift giving, the more status and rank the chief gained • Note: wealth did not create status, but one’s capacity for generosity • Linked local groups into a regional alliance • Allowed key community resources of food and clothing to be broadly distributed Items lined up for a potlatch British Columbia, 1865
![Potlatch of the Northwest Coast • The boasting became inflated when Native Americans began Potlatch of the Northwest Coast • The boasting became inflated when Native Americans began](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/4c304edfa69c2345b85020a8f15ad588/image-9.jpg)
Potlatch of the Northwest Coast • The boasting became inflated when Native Americans began to participate in the cash economy of the Canadians (trading fur for blankets, for instance), after 1849 • Population declined substantially because of diseases Europeans brought so many of the traditional sponsors (chiefs and their families) were dead • Everyone could now give a potlatch • Very intense competition for prestige • Wealth converted into prestige through the destruction of wealth items like blankets, pieces of copper, houses, sewing machines (burned or buried at sea) Kwakiutl copper shield
![Kinds of Exchanges Kinds of Exchanges](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/4c304edfa69c2345b85020a8f15ad588/image-10.jpg)
Kinds of Exchanges
![The Market Economy • Goods and services are bought and sold at a determined The Market Economy • Goods and services are bought and sold at a determined](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/4c304edfa69c2345b85020a8f15ad588/image-11.jpg)
The Market Economy • Goods and services are bought and sold at a determined price • Impersonal exchange; no social bonding • Occurs without regard to the social position of participants • Participants are assumed to be interested in maximizing material gain • At the same time, the market economy never fully dominates • Forms of reciprocity continue to underlie the market economy
![Kinds of Exchanges Kinds of Exchanges](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/4c304edfa69c2345b85020a8f15ad588/image-12.jpg)
Kinds of Exchanges
![What kinds of exchanges exist among the Maisin? Examples? What kinds of exchanges exist among the Maisin? Examples?](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/4c304edfa69c2345b85020a8f15ad588/image-13.jpg)
What kinds of exchanges exist among the Maisin? Examples?
![Question by Annie Huynh Question by Annie Huynh](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/4c304edfa69c2345b85020a8f15ad588/image-14.jpg)
Question by Annie Huynh
![How does reciprocity affect conflict and its resolution, (pp. 145 ff)? How does reciprocity affect conflict and its resolution, (pp. 145 ff)?](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/4c304edfa69c2345b85020a8f15ad588/image-15.jpg)
How does reciprocity affect conflict and its resolution, (pp. 145 ff)?
![How does reciprocity affect who and how one becomes a big man (p. 154)? How does reciprocity affect who and how one becomes a big man (p. 154)?](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/4c304edfa69c2345b85020a8f15ad588/image-16.jpg)
How does reciprocity affect who and how one becomes a big man (p. 154)?
![How does reciprocity affect the figure of the sorcerer (p. 128)? • Question by How does reciprocity affect the figure of the sorcerer (p. 128)? • Question by](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/4c304edfa69c2345b85020a8f15ad588/image-17.jpg)
How does reciprocity affect the figure of the sorcerer (p. 128)? • Question by Violeta Daninska
![How does reciprocity affect relations with outsiders (p. 200)? How does reciprocity affect relations with outsiders (p. 200)?](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/4c304edfa69c2345b85020a8f15ad588/image-18.jpg)
How does reciprocity affect relations with outsiders (p. 200)?
![Gifts instead of War • To make friends with strangers • To resolve interpersonal Gifts instead of War • To make friends with strangers • To resolve interpersonal](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/4c304edfa69c2345b85020a8f15ad588/image-19.jpg)
Gifts instead of War • To make friends with strangers • To resolve interpersonal conflicts (gifts to suspected sorcerers, p. 128) • But lack of gifting can create enemies, or at least suspicion
![Tapa as the central symbol of the Maisin and of gifts among the Maisin Tapa as the central symbol of the Maisin and of gifts among the Maisin](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/4c304edfa69c2345b85020a8f15ad588/image-20.jpg)
Tapa as the central symbol of the Maisin and of gifts among the Maisin • used in the significant rituals of marriage and death • Is there a central symbol in the US?
![“Kuo Hina E Hiapo: The Mulberry is White and Ready for Harvest” (2001) Note: “Kuo Hina E Hiapo: The Mulberry is White and Ready for Harvest” (2001) Note:](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/4c304edfa69c2345b85020a8f15ad588/image-21.jpg)
“Kuo Hina E Hiapo: The Mulberry is White and Ready for Harvest” (2001) Note: Tonga, not PNG
![](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/4c304edfa69c2345b85020a8f15ad588/image-22.jpg)
![What happens when tapa cloth, an object of gift exchange, becomes sold in a What happens when tapa cloth, an object of gift exchange, becomes sold in a](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/4c304edfa69c2345b85020a8f15ad588/image-23.jpg)
What happens when tapa cloth, an object of gift exchange, becomes sold in a global market?
![Forms of globalization in Ancestral Lines Forms of globalization in Ancestral Lines](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/4c304edfa69c2345b85020a8f15ad588/image-24.jpg)
Forms of globalization in Ancestral Lines
![Is this an example of: • • Clash of civilizations? Mc. Donaldization? Localization? Hybridization? Is this an example of: • • Clash of civilizations? Mc. Donaldization? Localization? Hybridization?](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/4c304edfa69c2345b85020a8f15ad588/image-25.jpg)
Is this an example of: • • Clash of civilizations? Mc. Donaldization? Localization? Hybridization?
![Survival of the Maisin? Survival of the Maisin?](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/4c304edfa69c2345b85020a8f15ad588/image-26.jpg)
Survival of the Maisin?
![An Update • Many questions about today • Question by Anon https: //ramumine. wordpress. An Update • Many questions about today • Question by Anon https: //ramumine. wordpress.](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/4c304edfa69c2345b85020a8f15ad588/image-27.jpg)
An Update • Many questions about today • Question by Anon https: //ramumine. wordpress. com/2014/12/ 22/collingwood-bay-communities-take-onthreat-of-mining-after-sabl-land-grabvictory/
![What can the Maisin teach us (if anything)? What can the Maisin teach us (if anything)?](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/4c304edfa69c2345b85020a8f15ad588/image-28.jpg)
What can the Maisin teach us (if anything)?
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