Recap Lecture 1 VolumeMass balance by GSL example

Recap • Lecture 1 – Volume/Mass balance (by GSL example) – Units (interpretable, intuitive) • Lecture 2 – Hydrologic Cycle and Hydrologic budgets – Watershed – Climate change

Highlights from Information Sheets Never heard of Know of but not used Used a little Comfortable using 90% Excel 5% MATLAB 40% 60% R 95% 5% Arc. GIS 85% 10% 5% HEC-HMS 90% 5% 5% HEC-RAS 90% 10% Canvas 75% Other (you may Smath, Epanet, Fortran, C++ were some mentioned think relevant) Expert 5% 25%

What do you hope to learn? • • • Hydrology and solving hydrologic problems More about water and how it reacts and travels in and on the earth Practical knowledge to take into career Snow, Rain, Flooding Groundwater flow About the wonderful world of hydrology The reason I need to take it (Structures) Why water flows downhill (gravity) Don’t know what hydrology is supposed to cover Air speed velocity of a raindrop Learn to solve the energy crisis

Worries • • Workload, homework, heard difficult, grade Having to memorize loads of equations Heard it is confusing So far no worries Failing I don’t have a lot of time. I would like to get an A That I will need extensive programming to succeed • I am terrified. Have not heard good things

Hydrologic Data and Hydrologic Budget • USGS http: //waterdata. usgs. gov

Streamstats http: //water. usgs. gov/osw/streamstats/

Blacksmith Fork

Blacksmith Fork What is the area covered by forest in square miles 0. 311*263 = 82 mi 2 A. 50 -70, B. 70 -90, C. 90 -110, D. More than 110, E. None of the above

Blacksmith Fork What is the per unit area flow in inches A. 0 -3, B 3 -5, C 5 -7, D 7 -9, E > 9

Blacksmith Fork What is the runoff ratio A. 0 -0. 2, B 0. 2 -0. 4, C 0. 4 -0. 6, D 0. 6 -0. 8 E 0. 8 - 1

Blacksmith Fork What happens to the rest of the water (majority) A. Evapotranspiration B. Infiltration C. Irrigation D. Groundwater E. Drinking by animals and people

A. Done Already B. Confident C. Could read text and figure out D. Unsure – need help E. Clueless how to start

A. Done Already B. Confident C. Could read text and figure out D. Unsure – need help E. Clueless how to start Use the USGS NWIS website http: //waterdata. usgs. gov/. For the gage you choose give the following a) Use computer screen captures to give a map showing the location of the gage you selected b) A hydrograph plot of streamflow at this stream gage (computer screen capture from website) c) Watershed area, d) Mean annual discharge, e) Months with highest and lowest mean of monthly discharges f) The maximum discharge on record and the date that this occurred g) The ratio of highest mean monthly discharge to lowest mean monthly discharge. Comment on the seasonal cycle of discharge at this gage. Compute the mean annual runoff expressed as a depth (yearly discharge volume/area).

A. Done Already B. Confident C. Could read text and figure out D. Unsure – need help E. Clueless how to start

Groundwater Learning objectives • Be able to quantify the properties of water held in and flowing through the subsurface (soil and rock). The properties of interest include – – – porosity, moisture content, pressure, suction, hydraulic conductivity Mays Chapter 2

Schematic cross section illustrating unconfined and confined aquifers From Mays, 2011, Ground and Surface Water Hydrology

Example 2. 2. 1 An undisturbed sample of a medium sand weighs 484. 68 g. The core is 6 cm in dia and 10. 61 cm high. After oven drying the core weighs 447. 32 g. Determine the bulk density, void ratio, water content and saturation percentage of the soil.

, Uni form ly g rade d sa nd nd a s ilt, re s ed ixtu d a r ll g vel m e W gra Illustrative grain-size distribution curves. The boundaries between size classes designated as clay, silt, sand gravel are shown as vertical lines.

Soil Texture Triangle From Mays, 2011, Ground and Surface Water Hydrology

Macroscopic and microscopic concepts of a porous medium. (from Freeze and Cherry, 1979)