RECAP Kairos exigence Audience Decorum Rhetorical appeals What

RECAP! Kairos & exigence? Audience? Decorum? Rhetorical appeals?

What we’ll learn this semester • The RHETORICAL TRIANGLE, a relationship between the writer/speaker, the message & the audience (ethos, logos, pathos & audience types, along with kairos & decorum) • INDUCTIVE logic vs. DEDUCTIVE logic and how to use to organize a paragraph • CLASSICAL argumentation to organize a full paper • ROGERIAN argumentation to organize a full paper

What we’ll learn next semester • TOULMIN logic • Logical FALLACIES • SOURCE EVALUATION/credibility • APA formatting

INDUCTION VS. DEDUCTION C

Solution • We know one (A, B or C) is defective by. 1…so…. • Weigh TWO ball-bearings from A and ONE from B. • If the combined weight is three ounces, then you know that C is defective. • If the combined weight is 3. 2 ounces, you know that A is defective. • If the combined weight is 3. 1 ounces, you know that B is defective.

Induction

Inductive reasoning • Moves from specifics to a generalization (claim comes last) • Conclusion is probable, but not certain • Flexible, but can be misapplied Every Valentine’s Day in Cleveland’s recorded weather data has been snowy. Therefore, it will snow this Valentine’s Day in Cleveland. (probable) All of the swans we have seen are white. Therefore, all swans are white. (experiential, but nonetheless unreliable)

Inductive or Deductive reasoning? Mrs. G. has worn jeans every Friday this school year. A student concludes she will wear jeans this Friday to work. The school has a policy that teachers must wear spirit shirts on Friday. A student concludes that because Mrs. G. is employed by the school, she will wear a spirit shirt on Friday. I am eating at a vegetarian restaurant. I conclude all the dishes on the menu are meatless. After reading the entire menu I conclude all of the dishes on the menu are meatless, it must be a vegetarian restaurant.

Deductive vs. Inductive development DEDUCTIVE • Topic sentence/claim • Transition to contextualize • Subclaims and elaborations • Advantage: straightforward; conveys certainty and objectivity INDUCTIVE • Statement of fact (not a claim) • Transition to contextualize • Subclaims and elaborations • Topic sentence/claim • Advantages: flexible; offers a likely way to interpret patterns

How is this deductive? The district has announced a series of acceleration reforms, but educational reform having a profound impact should be dodged as far as possible for the sake of continuity and continuum of service. Such reforms impact not only teachers, but students, and parents. Teachers, in particular, will be under great stress to reform curriculum and complete a large-scale syllabus revision to convert a 4 -year program into 3 years, as the district proposes. Such a radical departure would also disrupt students. Studies show that adopting new, compressed exam schedules con affect student learning adversely. Finally, current data indicates that the economic burden on parents would be heightened by shortening secondary education and lengthening undergraduate programs, as college tuition is significantly higher than secondary tuition.

How is this inductive? The district has announced a series of acceleration reforms. That such reforms will impact not only teachers, but students, and parents, is inevitable. Teachers, in particular, will be under great stress to reform curriculum and complete a largescale syllabus revision to convert a 4 -year program into 3 years, as the district proposes. Such a radical departure would also disrupt students. Studies show that adopting new, compressed exam schedules con affect student learning adversely. Finally, current data indicates that the economic burden on parents would be heightened by shortening secondary education and lengthening undergraduate programs, as college tuition is significantly higher than secondary tuition. Therefore, without an irrefutable reason, such a drastic scheme must be avoided.

Induction example • https: //www. ted. com/talks/graham_hill_less_stuff_more_happiness • Write an inductive paragraph that takes a stance/makes a claim on minimalism (either for it or against it). You may have to do some quick research to make this work.