REASONS RESULTS WHY IT HAPPENED WHAT HAPPENED CHAPTER

REASONS RESULTS WHY IT HAPPENED? WHAT HAPPENED? CHAPTER 7 CAUSE AND EFFECT ESSAYS – P. 130 HCC – ESOL 0351 WRITING – FALL 2019 MRS. ELIZABETH COIMAN-LOPEZ, BAT, MS.

When your purpose is to analyze the REASONS or CAUSES of something. When your purpose is to analyze the RESULTS or EFFECTS of something. Example: Why did you decide to major in Biology? • You will be analyzing the causes or reasons of your decision. Example: What effects will learning English have on my career? • You will be analyzing effects or results. CAUSE AND EFFECT ESSAYS DEFINITION – P. 130 2

FOCUS ON CAUSES OR REASONS WHY? 1. Causes of air and noise pollution FOCUS ON EFFECTS OR RESULTS WHAT? 1. Effects of air and noise pollution 1. Why TV commercials are popular? 1. Effects of TV commercials on children 2. Why you chose your major? 2. Results for choosing that major 3. Reasons for taking an online college course 3. Effects of peer pressure on teenagers 4. Causes of climate change 4. Effects of climate change 5. Reasons for having poor health 5. Results for having poor health FOCUS ON CAUSES AND EFFECTS – P. 130 3

FOCUS ON CAUSES AND EFFECTS – P. 130 4

Cause and Effect Cause Effect FOCUS ON CAUSES AND EFFECTS – P. 130 Effect Cause Effect

- As a consequence of… the rain, we canceled the game. - As a result… of the rain, we canceled the game. - Because… it was raining, we canceled the game. - Because of… the rain, we canceled the game. - It was raining. Consequently, we canceled the game. - Due to… the rain, we canceled the game. - It was raining. For this reason, we canceled the game. - Since… it was raining, we canceled the game. - It was raining, so we canceled the game. - It was raining; therefore, we canceled the game. - It was raining; thus, we canceled the game. TRANSITION WORDS – P. 131 6

TRANSITION WORDS 7

CAUSE & EFFECT Why did something happen? What were the result of a particular event? PATTERNS OF ORGANIZATION TRANSITION WORDS - Because - For this reason - Due to - On account of - As a result - Since consequently resulting USED FOR It is used to describe how an action or event is caused by another event or action. THESIS STATEMENT Research has shown that birth defects have various causes. Smoking is the single most preventable risk factor fatal illnesses in the United States. 8

1. There are several causes of reasons for effects of _____________. Example: There are several causes of jet lag: travel across three or more time zones, poor sleep habits prior to travel, and poor flight conditions. Example: There are several bad effects of drinking too much coffee: insomnia, digestive problems, and an increase in blood pressure, anxiety, and tremors. 2. There are three four several main reasons (causes why ______. Example: There are three main reasons why I want to share an apartment with a roommate: more space, lower rent, companionship. Example: There are three main reasons why my family decided to move to a bigger city: more employment opportunities, better schools, more cultural activities. 3. ______ had several three a few important effects on ______. Example: My parent’s divorce had three important effects on my life. Example: The new shopping center had several positive effects on our community: more job opportunities, an increase in home values, and convenient places to meet and socialize PRACTICE P. 132 -133 THESIS STATEMENT P. 132 9

FOCUS–ON–CAUSES METHOD: 1. Writer focuses on the CAUSES (actions or reasons) a. How many people, when given a piece of information, like to analyze the topic b. Asks: Why? How? c. Each paragraph would address a different CAUSE, d. Why does something happen? FOCUS–ON–CAUSES METHOD: CAUSE EFFECT FOCUS–ON–EFFECTS METHOD: 1. Writer focus on the EFFECTS (results of a cause) ◦ Answers: What if? ◦ Focus on the outcome of a particular event or action. ◦ Each paragraph would address ONE EFFECT each. ◦ What happens when…? FOCUSING ON CAUSES OR EFFECTS FOCUS–ON–EFFECTS METHOD: CAUSE EFFECT 10

CAUSE Global Warning EFFECT Rising Sea Levels EFFECT Reduction in Crops SINGLE CAUSE LEADS TO SEVERAL EFFECTS – P. 133 EFFECT More Extreme Storms EFFECT Climate Changes 11

CAUSE Burning of Fossil Fuels: Coal, Natural Gas, Oil Destruction of Forests CAUSE EFFECT Global Warning Carbon Dioxide Emissions for Cars, Trucks, Airplanes, Factories SEVERAL CAUSES LEAD TO ONE EFFECT – P. 133 CAUSE Greenhouse Gases like Methane, Nitrous Oxide 12

INTRODUCTION BODY CONCLUSION 1. Provide background information about the situation you are analyzing. 2. Describe the situation. 3. State whether you plan to discuss its causes or its effects. 4. Identify the main causes or effects 5. Write a Thesis Statement stating the focus of your essay. 1. State the first (second, third) cause or effect in the first (second, third) paragraph. 2. Support the first (second, third) cause of effect with facts, examples, statistics, or quotations 1. Summarize the main causes or effects 2. Draw conclusion or make a prediction. PRACTICE P. CAUSE OR EFFECT ESSAY PLAN P. 141 13

TRANSITION WORDS – P. 131 14

ESSAYS ABOUT EFFECTS ESSAYS ABOUT CAUSES SITUATION 2 SITUATION 1 • You are a reporter for a health magazine. • Your assignment is to write an article on the topic of the causes of heart disease. • You are taking an introductory business course. • You have been asked to analyze the following case and determine the causes for the failure of a restaurant called he Undergrad Grill. OTHER TOPICS: • The causes of a divorce • The causes of climate change • The causes of people migrating to a new country • The cause of failing a course in college • The cause of social media addiction • The effects of a divorce • The effects of climate change • The effects of people migrating to a new country • The effects of failing a course in college • The effects of social media addiction PRACTICE P. 141 -145 WRITING ESSAYS ABOUT CAUSES AND EFFECTS - P. 141 -145 15