Realism Impressionism PostImpressionism Symbolism 19 th century Reaction

Realism, Impressionism, Post-Impressionism Symbolism

19 th century Reaction to Romanticism’s flight of fantasy Photography 2 types 1. Daguerreo produced lightly detailed, mirror like images on a metal plate 2. photography on paper was invented in England by William Henry Talbot Realism Depicted botanical specimens reproducing works of art, and taking surveillance pictures in the dark

Daguerreo by Daguerre

Daguerrerotype

Sculptural realism Rumors started that he was trying to pass off a statue taken directly from plaster casts of a living model Sculpted by hand “Age of Bronze” Too lifelike Auguste Rodin

Auguste Rodin

Rodin: The Age of Bronze

Rodin: Burghers of Calais

French artist Gustave Courbet realistic painter Paintings were of real people who posed for him Did not believe in painting souls or goddesses When he was asked why he never painting angels he replied, “Show me an angel and I’ll paint one “Show Me an Angel”

Gustave Courbet

Mädchen an der Seine

• “The Stonebreakers” 1849 oil on canvas

Manet-Olympia Nude, seems unbothered by things/people People found it hard to understand Not goddess, but real model Realism Scandal

Edouard Manet-Olympia, 1863

The unfinished, the complete, an act of instantaneous vision, a sensation rather than a perception Stimulate by the new discoveries in science of optics, color theory, and nature of light, as well as recent knowledge about the physiology of the eye Discovered when all of the colors of the spectrum are rotated, the eye sees them as white Made discoveries about art in Nature No hard lines shadows take on color of objects Ex. grass shadow in greenish Use primary colors to make the spectrum Impressionists invented a new method of visual representation Impressionism

Impressionism

Impressionist

Idea of creating a stream of suggestive ideas Symbolists investigated recent discoveries in psychology Left the connection, order, and form of their poetry inconclusive and fragmented Reader was given plenty of room for use of their imagination (room for interpretation) Symbolism

Impressionists left the mixing of color to the eye and the relationship of subject matter to the mind of the viewer Symbolists left the connection, order, and form of their verbal still lifes to be completed by the reader

A combination of the senses, or an attempt to have one sense, such as sight, be stimulated by another sense Chain reaction Tried to stimulate the capacity for new and peripheral experiences Implies that the images are revelations of something beyond sense data Synesthesia

Symbolists explored “listening” to colors, “looking” at sounds, “savoring” perfumes, and all such mixtures of separate sensations Synesthesia

Synesthesia, Sounds and Perfumes Turn in the Evening Air

Synesthesia

Philadelphia born painter Absorbed the tenets of Impressionist color and atmospheric effects Added the dimension of fine drawing Worked with Parisian friend Carefully controlled composition Berthe Morisot Worked closely together with Impressionist painter Helped create ideas generated by the movement Cassatt often painted pictures of women’s activities Pushed impressionism in a different direction from that represented by Monet and Renoir Mary Cassatt

Mary Cassatt

Central figure of impressionism La Gare Saint Lazare Renders the humid atmosphere, the mixture of steam and smoke, the hazy sunlight filtering from the open background and transparent ceiling glass His figures are represented by thick dabs of paint Full development of Monet’s broke color technique is seen clearly in Japanese Bridge at Giverny In order to capture a particular moment, Money would paint a succession of canvases during a single day Claude Monet

Monet

Monet, La Gare Saint Lazare

Monet, Japanese Bridge at Giverny

Monet, The Iris Garden at Giverny

Monet, Lady with Parasol

Later work was on the style of impressionism Introduced a contemplative note in the figure Rue Mosnier, Paris and Bar at the Folies-Bergere are examples of his work Bar at the Folies-Bergere was his last large scale work and is a technical tour de force Edouard Manet

Edouard Manet

Manet, Bar at the Folies-Bergere

Manet, Rue Mosnier

Manet, Rue Mosnier Flags

Depicted casual, light-hearted city scenes Ex. gaslit evening at a popular Parisian café Le Moulin de la Galette The Moulin was frequented by working class families Use of full force Impressionist colors Auguste Renoir

Renoir

Renoir, Le Moulin de la Galette

Renoir Girl

Renoir Girl, Lorelai Gilmore

Coined in 1910 by the art of Roger Fry Differs from Impressionism More psychological depth, emotional involvement, or aesthetic exploration Ex. Starry Night, Sunday Afternoon on the Island of La Grande Jatte Post-Impressionism

Vincent van Gogh, Starry Night Post-Impressionism

Post-Impressionism, Georges Seurat, Afternoon on the Island of La Grande Jatte

Paul Gauguin, Day of the God

Post-Impressionist