Read to learn Learn to read 1 Reading

阅读教学的目的 Read to learn？ Learn to read？

阅读教学的目的： 1 Reading for information 2 Reading for developing reading skills 3 Reading for learning the language 4 Reading for pleasure 5 Reading for developing writing skills

micro-skills ----- reading ability 阅读教学的最终目的： independent and efficient reader

主要阅读策略 1. Reading with a purpose 2. Activate prior knowledge 3. Adjust reading rate / rereading 4. Ask questions: before, during & after reading 5. Classify or categorize information

6. 7. 8. Compare and contrast ideas Distinguish facts from opinions Identify and analyze text structures 9. Identify author’s purpose: why did the author write the article? 10. Identify author’s viewpoint: what does the author think?

11 Identify main ideas and supporting details 12 Make inference and draw conclusion 13 Make generalization 14 Make and refine predictions 15 Paraphrase / retell 16 Recognize cause and effect relationship

17 18 19 Sequencing events Summarizing information Use context clues to guess unfamiliar language items 20 Visualize images from text 把课文内容形成语义图像

主要分为四种形式： 1 2 3 4 一般--特殊型 (general –particular pattern) 问题解决型 (problem-solution pattern) 比较匹配型 (Matching pattern) 主张--反主张型 (claim--counterclaim pattern)

Large cars cause their owners several problems. First, they cost a lot of money. They are also more expensive to run, using twice as much as fuel as small cars and producing higher repair bills. Moreover, they are more difficult to park, needing additional space.

The working conditions were poor. The tables where the workers sat were very high and uncomfortable. Except for a half hour at lunchtime, there were no breaks in the day to relieve the boring work. There was no music. The walls of the workrooms were a dull gray color. I was amazed that the workers hadn’t gone on strike.

These days many soccer experts are asking how referees can do a better job. With so much money involved in the winning and losing of games, some soccer experts are speaking openly of getting rid of some bad referees because they make bad decisions during the game because they sometimes cannot see a foul on the field of play, One solution is to use video replays for controversial decisions. Another solution would be to hire professional referees. 提出问题，分析问题，解决问题

Just like house cats, wild cats like to bask in the sunshine. Have you ever visited the zoo and seen a lion outside sunning itself on a rock? The warm sunshine lulls cats to sleep. In the wild, cats often sleep when the sun is high in the sky. House cats get drowsy in the sun. They like to sleep on a rug in front of a big window. (相 同比较)

E-mail is mail that you send through the Internet. Mail that you send through the postal services is called "snail mail" because it is slow like a snail. At one time only snail mail was available. People wrote letters to their friends, put stamps on the letters, and mailed them. It could take several days for friends and family to get the letters. Now we can instantly keep in touch with friends all over the world through e-mail. Communicating with friends has never been quicker. （差异比 较）

Joy kept two mice in a cage. She is one of the top students in her school. She loves animals, so she keeps cats, dogs , mice and even snakes. However, she is a nice and brave girl.

Joy kept two white mice in a cage. One day she forgot to lock the cage door after feeding her mice. Each day she fed her mice and gave them fresh water. The mice soon found the open door and ran off. 什么问题？

Joy kept two white mice in a cage. Each day she fed her mice and gave them fresh water. One day she forgot to lock the cage door after feeding her mice. The mice soon found the open door and ran off.

人称照应 (Personal reference) 例１：I’ll live in Shanghai, because I went to Shanghai last year and fell in love with it. 例２：I can’t have any pets now because my mother hates them. 例３：Life for Cathy Taylor’s three children is very busy. Their school days are busy enough.

指示照应 (Demonstrative reference) The fight all started when she asked me if she could copy my homework. I asked her why she wanted to do that, and she said that she had forgotten to do hers.

If you are famous, people will watch you all the time and follow you everywhere. This could make your life difficult.

１）名词性替代 (nominal substitution) I don’t like this red skirt. Please show me a yellow one. He did me lots of kindness. I’ll do the same for him someday.

2) 动词性替代 (verbal substitution) Have you written an email to your family? Yes, I did it yesterday. Don't wear jeans to the party. If you do, they won't let you in.

3) 分句性替代 (clausal substitution) A：Has Mary passed the math exam? B：Well, I think so. A：Look at the clouds. It looks like rain. B：I am afraid so.

1) 名词性省略 A: Have some soup, please. B: Sorry, there isn’t any.

2) 动词性省略 One boy is a boy, two boys half a boy, three boys no boy．

The Chinese use two brush strokes to write the word "crisis". One brush stroke stands for danger, the other for opportunity. In crisis, be aware of the danger; but recognize the opportunity. 危机 = 危险+机遇

1 I don’t like dogs. Actually I hate dogs. （原词复现） 2 My brother Tim is really good at sports. He plays football, basketball and baseball as well. （上下义复现） 3 Tom is a smart boy. He always has a lot of clever ideas about how to make money for his class. （同义词复现）

4. A: On my next day off, I don’t want to go for a drive. That sounds really boring. B: Oh, really? But I think that sounds fun. （反义词复现）

1 列举 (enumerative) 介绍事情的先后顺序或事情发生的时间 顺序。 first(ly), second(ly), third(ly), next , then, finally, for one thing, for another thing, eventually, in the end, to conclude 2 增补 (additive) and, again, then again, also, moreover, furthermore, in addition, above all, what is more, equally, similarly, likewise, in the same way

3 总结 (summative) so, so far, altogether, overall, then, thus, therefore, in short, to sum up, to conclude, to summarize 4 结果 (resultative) so, as a result, consequently, hence, therefore, thus, in consequence 5 解释 (explicative) namely, in other words, that is to say, better, rather, by (this) we mean

6 举例 (illustrative) for example, for instance 7 替代 (replacive) alternatively, or again, or rather, but then, on the other hand 8 对照 (antithetic) instead, then, on the contrary, by contrast, on the other hand

9 让步 (concessive) anyway, anyhow, however, nevertheless, still, though, in spite of, all the same 10 原因 (causal) because, so, for this reason, that’s why

I want to be a reporter for a fashion magazine. So how am I going to do it? First, I’m going to find a part-time job for a year or two and save some money. Then I’m going to be a student at an art school in Paris. And I’m going to study French at the same time. Next, I’m going to hold art exhibitions because I want to be rich and famous. I’m going to buy a big house with the money and I’m going to travel all over the world. Finally, I’m going to retire somewhere quiet and beautiful.

Etiquette is not the same in every culture or in every situation. For example, standing very close to the person you are talking with is quite common in some Asian countries. However, if you do this in Europe, some people might feel uncomfortable. …(举例，让步和 转折)

Although rules of etiquette can often be different, some rules are the same almost everywhere in the world! For example, dropping litter is almost never allowed. If you see someone you know doing this, you can ask them, “Would you mind picking it up? ”

Animals perform many useful and entertaining jobs. Dogs are particularly valuable in guiding the blind, protecting property, finding lost people, and hunting animals. Horses are used in guiding herds, carrying men in lands where there are no roads, and helping farmers work their land. Pigeons have long been used to carry messages. Wild animals from jungles, forests and seas are very popular performers in circus and moving pictures. People realize that, although animals may not have the same intelligence as human beings, they are smart enough to learn certain things.

语义完整而连贯的语篇 主题句（概括陈述）: Animals perform many useful and entertaining jobs. 若干具体陈述　（dogs, horses, pigeons, wild animals ) 没有使用语篇标记 概括总结（前后呼应）: People realize that, although animals may not have the same intelligence as human beings, they are smart enough to learn certain things.

1. 判断指代关系（Identifying refering pronouns) 2. 信息转换（Information transfer) 3. 区分事实和观点（Identifying facts and opinions) 4. 把握顺序(Sequencing) 5. 做结论(Drawing conclusions)

6. 找出不合逻辑的句子 Detect the semantic noise. 7. 完型填句 Fill in the blanks with sentences. 8. 拼图式阅读 Jigsaw reading 9. 判断与推理 Making inferences 10. 判断因果关系 Identifying cause and effect

1. 判断指代关系 Identifying refering pronouns What does each of the cloured word refer to?

In some science fiction movies, people in the future have their own robots. These robots are just like humans. They help with the housework and do the most unpleasant jobs. Some scientists believe that there will be such robots in the future. However, they agree it may take hundreds of years.

1) The word "they" in the third line refers to ______. A. The movies. B. The robots. C. The people. D. The jobs. 2) The word "they" in the 6 th line refers to ______. A. The robots. B. The people. C. The scientists. C. The movies.

. . . In the future, there will be more robots everywhere, and humans will have less work to do. New robots will have many different shapes. Some will look like humans, and others might look like snakes. After an earthquake, a snake robot could help look for people under buildings. That may not seem possible now, space rockets and even electric toothbrushes seemed impossible a hundred years ago. We never know what

2 信息转换 Information transfer Read the passage and draw lines to connect the countries with the ways of gift giving.

Gift giving is different in different countries. In Japan, people sometimes give special gifts. But they are not opened. Later, the same gift may be given away to someone else. Many people have enough things and don't want too many gifts themselves. In Canada, many people will not give big gifts to someone else. They will pay for a park bench or a tree to help remember a person. In the USA, some people ask their families and friends to give money to charity rather than buy them gifts. In Sweden, doing something for someone is the best gift. People don't need to spend too much money. Instead, making a meal is enough.

In Japan: In Canada: In USA: In Sweden: Some people ask their families or friends to give money to charity instead of buying them gifts. Doing something for someone is the best gift, for example, cooking a meal. People don't open the gift, and then they can give it to someone else. People pay for a park bench or a tree to help remember a person.

3 区分事实和观点 Identifying facts and opinions Choose the best answer according to the text.

Ostriches are interesting animals. They are the largest birds, but they cannot fly. The eathing habits of ostriches are strange as well. They will swallow almost anything. Keys, nails, wood, and even money have been found in their stomachs! Ostriches are often raised on farms for their beautiful feathers, called plumes. The plumes are used for decorating hats and dresses.

It is an opinion that _______. A. ostriches are the largest bird. B. ostriches swallow almost anything. C. some farmers raise ostriches. D. ostriches are interesting animals.

It is a fact that ______. A. ostriches' eating habbits are strange. B. ostriches are interesting animals. C. ostriches can not fly. D. ostriches have strong stomachs.

另外一种表述： Choose the statement that is a fact. A. B. C. Choose the statement that is an opinion. A. B. C.

A butterfly starts out as an egg. In the summer butterflies lay their eggs. They lay them only on plants. The egg is very small. It is stuck to a plant leaf. After a few weeks it bocomes a caterpillar. The caterpillar comes out of the egg. The caterpillar then eats the plant. A caterpillar eats and eats. Then it is ready for another change. It weaves itself into a cocoon. The cocoon is like a little sack. It hangs from a branch. The caterpillar's body changes. When it comes out of the cocoon, the caterpillar is a fullgrown butterfly!

Put the events in order. A. The caterpillar comes out of the cocoon and becomes a butterfly. B. The caterpillar comes out of the egg. C. The egg is on the plant leaf. D. The caterpillar weaves itself into a cocoon. E. The caterpillar eats the plant.

Which of the things comes first? A. The egg is on the leaf. B. The caterpillar eats the plant. C. The caterpillar is inside the cocoon. What happens last? A. The caterpillar comes out of the egg. B. The caterpillar come out of the cocoon. C. The caterpillar eats the plant.

5 做出结论 Drawing conclusions

It was Saturday morning, and Michael wanted to play with his friends. His mom told him that he had to work in the garden first. Michael was unhappy, but he grabbed the shovel.

You can tell that ____. A. Michael will obey his mom even though he wants to play. B. Michael will go to play with his friends and ignore his mom. C. Michael will dig holes in other people's garden because he is unhappy.

6. 找出不合逻辑的句子 Detect the semantic noise Can you find the sentence that doesn’t belong to the passage?

Jim and Jed are twins. Their friends cannot tell them apart. Both boys have big green eyes and short red hair. Each day they dress in the same shirts and pants. But the boys are not the same at all. It is true that boys are different in many ways than girls. Jim likes to play sports and beat on his drum set. Jed likes to read books and draw flowers and birds. The boys may be twins, but they are each one of a kind.

7. 完形填句 Fill in the blanks with sentences. Choose the proper sentence for each blank. One sentence cannot be used.

My name is Tina Smith and I’ve just graduated from college. I’m going to take a year off to travel before looking for a job. (1)______. When I was in a middle school, I said to myself, “ The world is my home. (2) ______. When I travel, I like to learn more about the places I visit. You can’t do this by staying in expensive hotels or joining tour groups, (3) _____ and learn about their languages and foods and ways of doing things. I’d really love to go to exotic Africa, South America, India and China. (4)______, and I’d probably have to work for a few years and save enough money for the trips. A. so I hope to stay with families in different countries B. I hope to travel to many places C. However, I know traveling around the world is expensive D. I’d like to get to know it better E. Traveling around the world will be very exciting.

8. 拼图式阅读 Jigsaw reading Read the different paragraphs and put them in order to make a passage. Fifty Good Friends

[A] Manuel was depressed. He felt strange without hair. He didn't want people to see him. [B] Manuel Garcia had stomach cancer. The doctors told him, "you need chemotherapy to stop the cancer. " Manuel went to the hospital for chemotherapy. Chemotherapy is strong medicine. After a few weeks of chemotherapy, Manuel's hair began to fall out. Soon he had no hair. [C] When Manuel came home from the hospital, friends and relatives came to visit him. "We want to shave our heads, " they said. "We want to look like you. " Maneul shaved their heads. He also shaved his sons' heads. In one day he shaved fifty heads. Manuel's wife wanted to shave her head, too. "No!" said Manuel. [D] At the hospital Manuel was depressed becuase he had no hair. Now he is not depressed. "I'm ready for anytying. " he says. [E] One day Manuel 's brother and three other relatives visited him in the hospital. Manuel was surprised when he saw them. They had no hair! "You shaved your heads!" Manuel said. Manuel began to laugh. The other men laughed, too.

9. 判断与推理 Making inferences Who said this? Choose the sentence for the right people.

---- "You need chemotherapy. " ---- "We want to look like you. " ---- "I'm ready for anything. " ---- "I want to shave my head too, darling. " A Manuel B Manuel's friends C Manuel's doctor D Maunel's wife

10. 判断因果关系 Identifying cause and effect Find the best way to complete each sentence. Write the letter of your answer on the line.

1 Manuel Carcia went to the hospital ____ 2 Manuel's hair fell out _____ 3 Maneul was depressed ____ 4 Manuel's friends and relatives wanted to shave their heads ___ 5 Manuel is not depressed now _____ a. because they wanted to look like Manuel. b. because he has fifty friends. c. because he needed chemotherapy. d. because he had no hair. e. because chemotherapy is strong medicine.

Thank you！